That means chlamydia. Chlamydia. How it is transmitted, symptoms of chlamydia, modern diagnosis, effective treatment of the disease. What is chronic form

Chlamydia is an infectious pathology, the development of which is provoked by pathogens transmitted primarily through sexual contact. Despite the fact that the phenomenon is quite widespread and is presented by medical workers as a disease that threatens the functionality of the reproductive system, many people continue to doubt whether chlamydia is dangerous enough to immediately rush to treat it.

How can you get infected?

Before considering the symptoms of pathology inherent in women and men, and assessing why chlamydia is dangerous for representatives of each sex, let's talk about the features of the pathology.

The high percentage of infection is largely due to the fact that there are four routes of transmission of chlamydia:

The sexual route is recognized as the most common - and yet many men mistakenly believe that infection threatens them only through unprotected genital intercourse. However, what is dangerous about chlamydia is the possibility of using different routes - infection occurs through oral or anal contact, and even in cases where there is no ejaculation. Even using a condom cannot protect against chlamydia one hundred percent.

Forms of the disease

Depending on how severely the organs attacked by Chlamydia trachomatis are affected and how long the negative impact lasts, doctors define two forms of this dangerous disease:

• Initial, or fresh - this diagnosis is made when the duration of the infection in the body does not exceed two months. Therapy in this case proceeds noticeably faster and more effectively than in the chronic stage.
• Chronic, or neglected, occurs when chlamydia is not detected in a timely manner, is treated incorrectly, or if women and men ignore noticeable symptoms for more than two months.

The chronic course is very dangerous, since the infection affects not only the reproductive system. Musculoskeletal functions, respiratory organs, heart muscle and eyes suffer. Treatment of this form is difficult, it must be complex, and involves the use of combined agents, the prescription of physiotherapeutic procedures, electrophoresis, UVOC and laser phoresis. Low frequency ultrasound is also used.

Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. It is important for any adult to know the signs of chlamydia, since complications of this pathology can lead to infertility. Symptoms in men may be mild, while in women the symptoms are more obvious. Often this condition goes unnoticed by patients, which significantly complicates subsequent treatment.

This pathology is caused by chlamydia, which is not a virus, but it can no longer be classified as bacteria. This “dual” nature of the pathogen somewhat complicates treatment and makes diagnosis difficult. It is important to know that the incubation period of chlamydia can last up to 1 month, during which an infected person can infect their partners. The risk of infection is greater in women than in men, which is explained by physiological characteristics.

Etiology and routes of infection

Chlamydia is a very small, round, gram-negative bacteria.

Such carriage can continue for many years until a state of immunosuppression develops. It can be triggered by severe hypothermia or uncontrolled use of antibiotics. In most cases, infection occurs through sexual contact, although contact with a sick person does not always lead to infection - this happens in one case out of four. However, the risk of infection is greater in women.

If a pregnant woman suffers from chlamydia, then during childbirth the child is almost guaranteed to become infected. Chlamydia can also be contracted through household contact - for this, the pathogen must penetrate from dirty hands into the eyes or genitals. Despite the low probability, this is possible, since chlamydia can survive for up to 2 days in humid conditions at temperatures up to 19 degrees.

Chlamydia clinic

It is worth understanding that chlamydia is often asymptomatic, or the symptoms are minimal. According to statistics, up to 47% of men and 67% of women are completely unaware that they have such a pathology.

In most cases, in men, the first sign of chlamydia is months-long urethritis - a mild inflammation of the urethra. It is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• small amounts of glassy discharge from the urethra;
• pain or burning when urinating;
• unexpressed pain in the urethra, scrotum or lower back;
• slight rise in temperature;
• weakness;
• cloudy urine.

About half of men do not notice the symptoms of the disease

In more serious cases, men may experience blood after a while during ejaculation or at the end of urination. In the urine itself, purulent threads can be identified.

Symptoms in women

In women, the first sign is discharge due to chlamydia, which the woman may not pay attention to for some time. But after some time they become mucopurulent, and may have an unpleasant odor - how long this will take depends on the individual characteristics of the woman herself. Other symptoms that appear in women include:

• pain in the lower abdomen, intensifying before menstruation;
• intermenstrual bleeding;
• symptoms of general intoxication - weakness, fever.

Sometimes chlamydia can persist in the form of isolated microcolonies located on the mucous membranes. It is impossible to detect such carriage using standard clinical, instrumental or laboratory examination methods - only high-precision diagnostics, for example, PCR, will help.

Diagnostics

It is very difficult to diagnose this pathology, even knowing how chlamydia manifests itself. The symptoms in men and women are extremely inexpressive, and no matter how much standard diagnostic measures are carried out, this disease cannot be identified and treatment cannot be prescribed. Since chlamydia is an intracellular microorganism, a standard smear will not help identify it; a scraping is required, in which the patient’s cells can be taken for analysis.

Currently, the disease can be detected through certain laboratory tests.

• PCR (polymerase chain reaction). This is the most effective technique, whose specificity is equal to 100%. A small amount of material is needed to carry out the reaction, and after 1-2 days the patient receives the result - unlike many other methods, PCR does not require confirmation of a positive result. The disadvantage is the relatively high cost.
• ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Allows you to detect antibodies in the blood of a man or woman that appear there in response to infection. The method allows not only to identify the pathogen, but also to quickly determine the stage of the process (acute or chronic process). The accuracy of ELISA does not exceed 60%, since specific antibodies can also be found in healthy people - in those who have previously been cured (serological scar) or in cross-reactions.

Laboratory diagnostics are of primary importance in the diagnosis of chlamydia

• Sowing. This is a culture method with an efficiency of 90%, and simultaneous determination of sensitivity to antibiotics. The result will be known in a few days, since this is the most labor-intensive method. The undoubted advantage of chlamydia culture is the simultaneous determination of the antibiotic that will kill the patient's chlamydia.
• General smear. The attractiveness of this microscopic analysis is that it is cheap and simple, but the efficiency is no higher than 15%. In reality, it is impossible to identify chlamydia in this way; one can only suspect their presence in the body based on indirect signs. In men, a smear is taken from the urethra, and in women, additionally from the vagina and cervix. The results become known quite quickly.
• REEF. The immunofluorescence reaction is carried out as follows: a smear is taken (urethra or cervical canal), stained with a special solution, and sent for examination under a fluorescent microscope. The accuracy of this reaction does not exceed 50%. The results come very quickly - within an hour, and this is the main advantage. Only a professional doctor should collect material for research, and an experienced laboratory technician should examine it. This is due to the fact that the interpretation of the result is carried out with the eyes, and the risk of making a mistake is quite high.

As a means of self-prevention of chlamydia, you can periodically purchase a “mini-test” in pharmacies, although its accuracy does not exceed 20%.

Treatment

Treatment of chlamydia in our country was radically changed only in the 21st century. Since the beginning of the 90s, it has been ineffective, long-lasting and has a lot of side effects. Nowadays, chlamydia prevention is actively carried out, and the treatment itself takes no more than a month. Despite the positive changes, curing this pathology still remains a difficult task, and positive results can be achieved only in 70% of cases. This applies to urogenital chlamydia, which often cannot be cured with antibiotics.

Although only two antibiotics are often used, proper and active treatment for men and women includes the use of a whole range of medications. Specific treatment is selected only by the attending physician based on a variety of data:

• the presence or absence of characteristic symptoms;
• process stages;
• immunograms;
• liver test;
• blood tests and urine cultures;
• PCR, ELISA and other studies, if they were carried out.

Men and women develop inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system as a result of infection

One of the important points of treatment is the stimulation of the own immunity of a man or woman with a confirmed diagnosis of chlamydia. No matter how many antibiotics you take on your own, the disease will not go away, since it is impossible to cure it solely with these drugs. The treatment process necessarily includes taking immunostimulants, since there are cases where only thanks to an adequate immune response of the body’s own, it was possible to cure chlamydia when antibiotics were powerless. Based on the test results, the doctor will most likely prescribe the following groups of drugs for treatment:

• immunomodulators;
• hepatoprotectors;
• enzymes;
• probiotics;
• antihistamines;
• antibiotics.

Chlamydia manifests itself differently in women

The doctor will also decide how much and what medications to take, since the wrong combination can seriously harm the patient.

Complications and prevention of chlamydia

Among the common and serious complications of chlamydia, the following should be noted:

• Reiter's disease;
• urethral stricture;
• orchiepididymitis, often leading to infertility in men;
• chronic prostatitis;
• inflammatory diseases in women in the pelvic organs;
• miscarriages or infection of the newborn.

The symptoms of chlamydia are not pleasant, and treatment is expensive. Therefore, it is better to think about its prevention. The rules are quite simple and the same for all sexually transmitted diseases - sexual hygiene, a permanent partner, exclusion of casual relationships and immediate consultation with a doctor at the slightest suspicion of possible infection. You also need to remember that symptoms may be completely absent.

Why are chlamydia dangerous?

Infectious diseases caused by chlamydia cause great, sometimes irreparable harm to the human body. However, the most important danger of these microorganisms is the fact that, if asymptomatic, the infection can spread through the bloodstream and be localized in other tissues and organs.

Chlamydia can affect various organs and systems of the body, causing complications, in particular infertility, miscarriages, ectopic pregnancy, impaired potency, chlamydial arthritis and other disorders.

The immune system does not develop lasting resistance to chlamydial infection. This means that once cured of chlamydia, there is no guarantee that, under appropriate conditions, a person will not become infected again. Even after treatment for chlamydia and complete recovery, the likelihood of recurrent disease does not decrease.

The second most important danger of chlamydia is that the infectious-inflammatory process in most people occurs without obvious symptoms. That is, a person may not even suspect that he is sick and transmits the infection to his loved ones. According to clinical statistics, chlamydia occurs latently in the vast majority of women, 67-70%, and in 46-50% of men. Children can also get this infection when they get it from their mother.

Chlamydia is transmitted sexually in most cases. You can get an infection even with a single contact with a carrier of the pathogen, and with constant intimacy, infection is guaranteed. Household transmission of chlamydia is extremely rare. Only an infection that affects the respiratory tract is transmitted by airborne droplets, which is not as common as urogenital chlamydia.

The development and mechanism of the disease, as well as the consequences of chlamydia, depend on the body’s defense (the state of the immune system). In men, women, and children, chlamydia infection can cause various types of complications.

Why are chlamydia dangerous in women?

Chlamydia can develop and affect various tissues of the body; in women they most often provoke the following urogenital pathologies:

• Colpitis (or vagint) is an inflammatory process affecting the vaginal mucosa;
• Endometritis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity (endometrium);
• Cervicitis is an inflammatory disease localized in the cervix (the mucous membrane of the vaginal zone of the cervix - exocervicitis, the mucous membrane of the cervical canal - endocervicitis);
• Salpingitis is an inflammation of the fallopian tubes;
• Salpingo-oophoritis is an inflammatory process passing from the fallopian tubes to the ovaries;
• Oophoritis - inflammation of one ovary;
• Urethritis - inflammation of the tissues of the urethra;
• Conjunctivitis is an infectious inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye;
• Proctitis is an inflammatory process localized on the mucous membrane of the rectum;
• Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder.

In most cases, urogenital chlamydia causes a number of complications in women. If the inflammatory process is localized in the fallopian tubes, this leads to the formation of adhesions and obstruction of the fallopian tubes. This is how tubal factor infertility develops.

Other complications of chlamydia in women include chronic pelvic pain, miscarriages, ectopic pregnancy, and premature birth. The risk of developing neoplasms, including malignant ones, increases.

What are the dangers of chlamydia during pregnancy?

In the early stages of pregnancy, chlamydia can lead to miscarriage or missed pregnancy, especially in cases where the inflammation is localized in the ovaries. Chlamydial infection can also affect the placenta, disrupting the feeding and oxygen supply of the fetus (placental insufficiency).

Even if a woman who is a carrier of chlamydia successfully carries the pregnancy to term, there is a high probability of transmitting the infection to the child during childbirth. A newborn baby most often after such births develops inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes, inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx, bronchi, middle ear, and lungs. If the cause of the disease is not identified in a timely manner and the pathogen is not eliminated, the pathology can become chronic.

How dangerous is chlamydia for men?

In men, urogenital chlamydia can cause inflammatory processes in the organs of the genitourinary system - the urethra, prostate gland, appendages, testicles, rectal mucosa, seminal vesicles. These pathologies provoke the development of such complications:

• male factor infertility;
• violation of potency;
• chronic pain in the groin and pelvis;
• chlamydial arthritis;
• inflammation of connective tissue (Reiter's disease).

Chlamydial pneumonia and its consequences

Inflammation of the respiratory system caused by chlamydia can provoke an extensive list of pathologies of the lower respiratory tract (pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma). In some cases, the inflammatory process spreads to the cardiovascular system (atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels, endocarditis).

Any inflammation caused by chlamydia requires a thorough examination and diagnosis (ELISA and PCR diagnostics), followed by comprehensive treatment. For each of the complications, a narrowly targeted treatment regimen is developed using highly active anti-chlamydial antibiotics (a continuous course of at least 2-3 weeks), immunorestorative drugs and physiotherapeutic procedures. If the intestinal microflora is disturbed, it is necessary to take probiotics.

Prevention of chlamydia is compliance with the rules of personal hygiene, healthy and protected sexual relations. In most cases, these two postulates are enough to avoid infection and all the negative consequences associated with it.

The persistence of chlamydia in the female body is not always accompanied by a clear clinical picture, however Infection can be suspected if the following symptoms are present:

• nagging, aching pain in the lower abdomen;
• non-physiological transparent discharge, regardless of the day of the cycle;
• painful sexual intercourse;
• disturbance of the urination process.

If the obstetric history is complicated (miscarriage, non-developing pregnancy or infertility) or an inflammatory process of the genitourinary system is recorded (adnexitis, cervicitis, endometritis, urethritis), you should also consult a specialist.

If you suspect a chlamydial infection, a woman should consult a gynecologist to prescribe a specific diagnostic method.

A standard smear for purity is not capable of sufficiently confirming or denying the presence of this pathogen.

A combination of PCR and bacteriological culture methods with determination of sensitivity to antibiotics is considered optimal.

If infection is confirmed The gynecologist prescribes appropriate treatment in the form of antibiotic therapy appropriate for the patient.

How to quickly cure - an effective scheme for getting rid of chlamydia trachomatis

To eliminate chlamydia, a course of a suitable antibiotic is prescribed to both sexual partners, where an important condition is protected sexual intercourse for the period until complete cure.

In parallel, an antimicrobial agent is taken to suppress the concomitant anaerobic infection, most often based on metronidazole or other nitroimidazoles with confirmed resistance to the first substance.

Women are advised to use vaginal suppositories rather than the oral form of the substance for 7 days. After treatment, courses of enzyme therapy and agents that restore the natural microflora of the intestines and vagina after extensive antibiotic therapy are necessary.

To treat chlamydia, antibiotics of the macrolide and tetracycline group are used, since they have the maximum ability to infect intracellular microorganisms and any form of protozoa - both in their active state and in the latent phase.

The decisive factor in choosing an antibiotic is not so much its properties as the individual sensitivity of a particular patient’s chlamydia to the active substance.

How to treat chlamydia trachomatis in women and what drugs are used to treat chlamydia? Watch the video on this topic:

Review of frequently prescribed drugs from all used groups

Among tetracyclines, doxycycline is considered the gold standard. is the main active ingredient of the modern drug Unidox Solutab. Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is highly effective against a wide variety of infectious diseases.

The disadvantage of the drug is its ability to cause gastrointestinal disorders during administration, however, these side effects are quickly neutralized when enzymes and lactobacilli are prescribed.

It is used in a course of 10-14 days, 100 mg 2 times a day, based on the severity of the disease, the presence of concomitant infection and the condition of the patient’s liver and kidneys.

Among macrolides, azithromycin is most often used- a unique antibiotic with a minimum number of side effects.

The convenience of use is that azithromycin for chlamydia can be taken once in a dosage of 1 gram and get rid of the pathogen with the same effectiveness if this drug was used in a course.

The nuance is that a dose of 1 gram is not always well tolerated by patients, which requires fractional use.

A relatively new, but no less effective macrolide is josamycin.— the active ingredient of the drug Vilprafen.

Suitable for those with resistance to doxycycline and azithromycin.

Used twice a day, 500 mg for one week. Safe for pregnant women, does not have a damaging effect on sperm.

Due to less effectiveness, but as an emergency measure when treatment with the above drugs has not been successful, The following antibiotics can be used:

• spiramycin or erythromycin from the macrolide group according to the standard regimen: 250-800 mg 4 times a day for one to two weeks. Considered less effective among macrolides for the treatment of chlamydia;
• ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin from the group of fluoroquinolones: 300-500 mg 1-2 times a day for 7 days. Not used among pregnant women, can be combined with antibiotics from other groups according to indications;
• amoxicillin from the penicillin group: 500 mg 3-4 times a day for 7 days. Penicillins are poorly effective for the treatment of urogenital lesions, in particular due to the development of resistance to the active substance in microorganisms.

In a hospital setting, various antimicrobial and antibacterial drugs are often combined, as well as methods of their administration into the body - intramuscularly, intravenously or orally.

On an outpatient basis, treatment of chlamydia in women is preferable with antibiotics in the form of tablets and capsules.

Watch a video about drugs prescribed for the treatment of chlamydia:

Is Chlamydia Trachomatis curable and how long will it take?

Is chlamydia completely curable in women? Chlamydia is an absolutely curable disease in both women and men. Since macrolide antibiotics appeared on the pharmaceutical market, chlamydial infection can be quickly cured, regardless of what stage of activity it is at.

If, when choosing a drug, you are guided by the sensitivity of chlamydia to common antibiotics, then treatment takes from one to two weeks, depending on the chosen drug.

And within a month from the day of the last medication intake, a control study can be carried out, which will confirm the absence of pathogen DNA in the genital tract.

An important point is the exclusion of enzyme immunoassay for antibodies to chlamydia as a measure of determining the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy.

Antibodies produced by the body against chlamydia, even after treatment, can persist in the body for a long time, which does not indicate the failure of the treatment.

Stable immunity to chlamydia is not developed - re-infection is possible. Early diagnosis by PCR after treatment can also be false positive, since this method captures not only the DNA of living microorganisms, but also dead ones.

You should only rely on bacteriological culture - if it does not reveal chlamydia, then this pathogen is not in the body.

What to do if it doesn't help?

If the antibiotic was chosen correctly, the dosage regimen was correct and followed, sexual intercourse was either excluded or protected, then the treatment should definitely be effective. If the pathogen is detected some time after treatment, it is necessary to perform a repeat antibiogram to select an alternative antibacterial drug.

If laboratory criteria indicate the absence of chlamydia after treatment, but symptoms of infection remain, it is recommended to conduct additional examination to determine the presence of other infectious agents in the body.

Chlamydial infection is especially dangerous for women due to its asymptomatic - in the vast majority of cases - course, as it can negatively affect the ability to conceive and bear a child in the future.

However, modern medicine makes it possible to quickly get rid of an infectious agent when determining the sensitivity of a microorganism to existing antibacterial drugs.

Diseases caused by chlamydia are called chlamydia or chlamydial infections.

Chlamydia can be contracted from both humans and animals. The most dangerous types of chlamydia are considered to be Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia pecorum, which enter the human body through contact with sick animals and birds, and Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae, which are contracted from a sick person.

Chlamydia is stable in the external environment for 36-48 hours, dying when boiled for 1 minute and after treatment with antiseptics (alcohol, high concentrations of chlorine solutions, solutions of hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate).

Types of chlamydial infections

Depending on which organ chlamydia affects, there are several types of chlamydia.

Chlamydia psittaci causes psittacosis and chlamydial conjunctivitis.

Chlamydia trachomatis causes

• chlamydial conjunctivitis,
• nasopharyngitis,

in adults

• urogenital chlamydia (urethritis, cystitis, prostatitis, cervicitis, endometritis, adnexitis),
• proctitis,
• cholecystitis.

Also, some types of Chlamydia trachomatis cause trachoma and lymphogranulomatosis venereum.

Chlamydia pneumoniae infects the respiratory and cardiovascular systems with the development of pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, endocarditis and other diseases.

Chlamydial infection can occur in acute, chronic and asymptomatic forms.

Causes

It becomes clear that chlamydia is caused by chlamydia. But there are a number of predisposing factors for infection with these microorganisms:

Urogenital chlamydia:

• promiscuity;
• wearing an intrauterine device;
• failure to comply with personal hygiene rules.

Other factors:

• close contact with animals and birds;
• failure to comply with personal hygiene rules;
• factors that contribute to weakening of the immune system (taking antibiotics, hypovitaminosis, hypothermia, stress, etc.).

Routes of transmission of chlamydial infection: sexual, household contact, intrauterine and intrapartum (during childbirth when a child passes through the mother’s infected birth canal).

Symptoms of chlamydia

The incubation period for chlamydia is 7-21 days. The infection, as a rule, has nonspecific symptoms of the disease, therefore it is rarely diagnosed in an acute form and in 90% of cases becomes chronic.

Urogenital chlamydia

Most often, urogenital chlamydia develops in the form of urethritis and cervicitis.

Patients complain of frequent and painful urination, glassy discharge from the urethra and/or genital tract, and the appearance (rarely) of a drop of blood when urinating.

With ascending chlamydial infection in men, the seminal vesicles (vesiculitis), prostate (prostatitis), membranes and testicles themselves are affected (epididymitis and orchitis), and in women, the uterus (endometritis) and appendages (adnexitis), which have characteristic manifestations of all of these diseases.

Psittacosis

Infection occurs from sick birds and animals. The main symptoms of the disease are:

• increase in body temperature up to 39°C,
• general intoxication (weakness, lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting),
• lung damage with the development of pneumonia,
• brain damage with the development of meningitis,
• spleno- and hepatomegaly (enlarged spleen and liver).

Chlamydia of the bronchopulmonary system

As a rule, pulmonary chlamydia occurs as acute obstructive bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Patients are bothered by a dry, unproductive cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, and periodic attacks of suffocation.

Trachoma

Chlamydial infection of the conjunctiva and cornea of ​​the eye with subsequent scarring of the mucous membrane, cartilage of the eyelids and the development of blindness.

Lymphogranulomatosis venereum

Caused by chlamydia, it affects the soft tissues of the urogenital area and inguinal lymph nodes.

In the final stage of the disease, ulcers form on the skin of the perineum and on the mucous membranes of the genital organs, which subsequently become sclerotic and scarred.

Reiter's syndrome

The conjunctiva of the eyes, joints and genitourinary organs are successively or simultaneously affected. Symptoms of the disease are characteristic of conjunctivitis, arthritis and urethritis.

Chlamydia test

Diagnosing chlamydial infection is very difficult. Detection of chlamydia by any method in biological material indicates human infection. It is advisable to use several methods for diagnosing chlamydia:

Culture method

Growing cells infected with chlamydia on nutrient media. Biological materials are scrapings from mucous membranes, semen and urine. The method is reliable in 90% of diagnostic cases; it allows one to identify live chlamydia and determine their sensitivity to antibiotics.

Immunofluorescence method

Detection of glow-in-the-dark sections of chlamydia cells or whole microorganisms in a preparation prepared from scrapings of the mucous membrane and stained with special dyes.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

• Detection of a certain type of antibody in the patient’s blood.
• The presence of IgM (type M immunoglobulins) indicates an acute infection, and the detection of IgG (type G immunoglobulins) is evidence of past infection.
• A decrease in the titer (quantity) of IgM allows us to judge the positive effect of treatment and the beginning of recovery.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method

For research, smears are taken from the urethra, cervical canal, eyelids and/or urine sediment. Sections of chlamydia DNA are found in the preparations.

PCR is the most sensitive and effective way to diagnose chlamydial infection.

Treatment

Treatment of chlamydial infection is a very complex and time-consuming process. The doctor who diagnosed chlamydia is treating her.

For example, urogenital chlamydia is treated by a gynecologist and urologist-andrologist, pulmonary chlamydia by a pulmonologist or therapist, eye damage by an ophthalmologist. In addition, an immunologist and a laboratory assistant are involved in the treatment.

The main treatment for chlamydia is the administration of antibiotics.

Antibiotics are used

• group of macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin, rovamycin),
• tetracycline series (doxycycline, tetracycline),
• fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin).

The course of antibiotic treatment lasts 10-21 days, depending on whether the process is chronic or acute, as well as the degree of the disease.

Along with antibiotics, they are prescribed

• multivitamins,
• immunomodulatory drugs (tactivin, thymalin),
• enzymes (festal, karsil),
• antifungal agents (nystatin, fluconazole),
• probiotics (lactobacterin, bifidumbacterin orally and in vaginal tampons) for the prevention of intestinal and vaginal dysbiosis.

Women with urogenital chlamydia are prescribed local treatment in the form of douching with antiseptic solutions and the introduction of vaginal tampons with antibacterial ointments.

During antibiotic therapy, which is administered to both sexual partners, patients are prohibited from sexual intercourse, consumption of alcohol, spicy and salty foods.

After completing the course of treatment, both partners take control tests for chlamydia and repeat the tests twice in a month or two. Women need to get tested after menstruation.

When treating all types of chlamydial infections, it is very important to observe personal hygiene measures (daily change of underwear, personal towels, etc.).

Complications and prognosis

Possible complications of urogenital chlamydial infection:

• male and female infertility;
• chronic diseases of the pelvic organs (prostatitis, vesiculitis, endometritis, adnexitis, adhesive disease);
• risk of ectopic pregnancy;
• Reiter's syndrome;
• miscarriage;
• the birth of a child with developmental defects;
• stricture (narrowing) of the urethra;
• postpartum purulent-septic diseases;
• cervical cancer.

Despite the difficulty of curing chlamydia, the prognosis for the lives of patients is favorable.

In 50% of cases, urogenital chlamydia leads to infertility.