Flax: planting and care in open ground, perennial blue flax. Grandiflora flax: planting and care Grow flax from seeds

It would seem - what could be useful in a plant that produces little green mass and is extremely difficult to care for? These species are not suitable for green manure. But flax is another matter. It has been noticed that it prevents the spread of weeds and effectively fights the Colorado potato beetle. Therefore, they try to place flax as green manure next to a potato field or plant it among potato tops.

The homeland of flax is India. There are annual and perennial varieties. Perennials should be updated once every three years. Annuals are grown for seeds and green manure plots.

Useful qualities

The plant is resistant to high temperatures, but for this it needs to be fed with complex fertilizers, preferably three-component ones, in order to maintain immunity. You can sow at temperatures from +2 degrees, since low temperatures also suit it, that is, it doesn’t matter when to sow flax as green manure. If the soil and humidity suit it, temperature fluctuations are not a problem.

Flax seeds are a well-known folk remedy for recovery after illnesses and operations. The seeds are especially valued by people suffering from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system.

Video: Briefly about flax

Natural fabric is made from flax fibers - very durable and hygroscopic. Cut shoots retain moisture well if used as mulch for berry bushes and young fruit tree seedlings. Only young shoots are suitable for green manure, since after flowering they become coarser and rot in the soil for a long time.

The most beneficial quality of flax is the presence of tannin alkaloid. Its smell repels the eternal pest of potatoes - the Colorado potato beetle. It is believed that carrots grow better in the presence of flax due to the same tannin.

Flax is an oilseed crop, but to produce 300 g of oil you need 1 kg of flaxseed, so you can squeeze out the contents of the seeds from your summer cottage only for your own needs. To do this, you will have to wait until the seeds ripen and collect them by shaking them out of the boxes.

There is a condition when to sow oilseed flax as green manure - when the soil moisture is maximum. This happens immediately after the snow melts. Seeds and young shoots absorb all the water from the site. If the plant does not have enough water in the spring, the seed yield, and therefore the oil, will be less.

Disadvantages of flax as green manure

The plant, although useful, requires care. The soils on which flax seedlings will sprout must be alkaline - there will be no harvest on acidic and heavy soils. Sandy ones are a little better, but additional mineral fertilizers are required, since the plant consumes the most nutrients before flowering - just when it needs to be cut and embedded in the ground. To maximize the value of green fertilizer, flax is fed with nitrogen and phosphorus.

It is better to plant seeds in sunny areas - they grow worse in the shade.

Seed consumption rate for planting

For greening purposes for 1 hundred square meters it is necessary to prepare about 300 g flaxseeds.

After uniform scattering, the ground is harrowed to cover the seeds with a layer of soil, since they do not like to germinate in sunlight. During the growing season, you need to monitor the crops, as they are often subject to fungal infection. To prevent the disease from spreading to neighboring beds, flax is sprayed with fungicides.

conclusions

Flax crops have proven themselves well as a means of combating the Colorado potato beetle and some other garden pests. You can also sow for beauty in an area that is not used in crop rotation. This helps control weeds.

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Linen gained its popularity through industrial use in the past. The areas of application were multifaceted; oil and flour were prepared from it, fabrics were made, and it was used in medicine. Today, the need to sow flax fields has passed, and amateur gardeners began to grow it for decorative purposes.

This annual plant belongs to the Flax family. Stems are erect, highly branched. The leaves are blue-green, lanceolate, pointed at the ends. The inflorescence is a corymb, the color depends on the species. The plant can reach 110 cm in height, but usually, in the conditions of our country, it does not grow above 60 cm. After flowering, it forms a fruit - a box with a large number of flattened seeds.

There are two main ways to grow flax. Like any annual plant, it reproduces by seeds, the difference lies in the time of sowing.

Sowing seedlings

This method is most optimal for a small number of plants grown. To do this, lay out good drainage from expanded clay at the bottom of the container, take light, fertile, loose soil (purchased soil can be used), place it on top, moisten it well, and sow. Cover it evenly with a layer of soil of about 1 cm. You can create a mini-greenhouse by covering the bowl with polyethylene or glass, and seedlings will appear faster (in 5-7 days), but daily ventilation is necessary.

As the seedlings grow and produce their first two leaves, they need to be planted in individual pots. There is no point in delaying this, because... growth proceeds very quickly, and later there is a possibility of damage to the root system.

Sowing in open ground

It is carried out in late autumn “before winter”, or vice versa, in early spring, when the snow has already melted and the soil is still saturated with moisture, but has already warmed up.

This option was used for growing flax on an industrial scale. To do this, grooves are made in the prepared soil, at a distance of 20 cm from each other, seeds are placed there, well moistened, and sprinkled with soil. It takes more time to sprout, but saves on picking.

It should be borne in mind that flax seeds have a very high germination rate, almost 100% even after 5 years, so the seedlings need to be thinned out, leaving a distance of at least 9 cm.

Flax can be propagated vegetatively; for this, parts of the plant are soaked in a special mixture that promotes the development of the root system and planted in the soil. Due to the low efficiency of this method, it is practically not used, with the exception of cases when it is impossible to preserve the plant in any other way.

Outdoor care

Caring for the plant is quite simple. For more magnificent flowering, flax is watered often, but little by little. If this is not possible, you don’t have to water it, it won’t die, it will bloom and produce seeds, but the flowering will not be so long and abundant. The plant does not have a dense crown, so timely removal of weeds is necessary, otherwise the decorative appearance will be spoiled. You should not loosen too close to the root; the root system of flax is quite weak and can be easily damaged.

Feeding is done 2 times. The first is during the period of active growth before the formation of buds, the second - during flowering. For this, it is recommended to use complex mineral fertilizers, such as ammophos, ammonium nitrate, etc.

Common types and varieties

Large-flowered flax has gained the greatest popularity among other varieties for its brightness, splendor and abundance of flowers.

Large-flowered flax (Linum grandiflorum) is a low spreading bush, up to 60 cm high. The leaves are small, shiny, concentrated at the ends of the shoots, while the stem at the base is almost bare. It blooms from June to September, subject to timely removal of faded buds. The diameter of the flower can reach 5 cm; they bloom only in good sunny weather. The plant is an annual, has many hybrids and varieties, usually differing in the color of the inflorescences. Let's look at some:

• “Childhood” – pure white flowers;
• “Illusion”, red, with a small eye, have a silky texture;
• "Azure", sky blue, with a white eye;
• "Diamond", white, silky petals;
• “Blush” – pink, with a small eye;
• “Happy Eyes” – white, with red eyes in the middle.

Common flax or seed flax (linum usitatissimum) is exactly the species that was grown in large quantities. It is a tall plant on a thin stem bearing a delicate, sky-blue, regular flower.

Perennial forms of flax are represented by the following varieties:

• “Austrian” and “hard-haired”, very similar, bloom almost the entire growing season, height up to 60 cm;
• “yellow” and “tauride” have yellow inflorescences;
• “thin-leaved” and “perennial” have small white flowers with slightly visible dark veins.

Diseases and pests

Flax itself is very rarely a source of diseases, except in cases of violation of agricultural practices, or due to unfavorable weather conditions.

Excess moisture can cause root rot, and neighboring plants can infect it with fusarium and powdery mildew. Moreover, these diseases develop at lightning speed. If symptoms of one of the diseases appear, all plants should be treated with a fungicide, or wait until the plant blooms and burn it. You cannot collect seeds from a diseased specimen.

Use in garden design

This fragile, low plant is used to create alpine slides; different varieties of flax planted in separate groups against the green background of a lawn look great when creating flower beds. In combination with chamomile, cornflowers, calendula they are used for Moorish lawns.

Flax is an unpretentious plant; it is not difficult to grow it in your garden plot, and caring for it will not take much time.

For alpine slides, large flower beds, mixborders and individual group plantings, for cutting and arranging bouquets, large-flowered flax will be an amazing bright discovery for you. Growing from seeds is easy and has a high success rate.

Large-flowered flax: description

It has decorative flowers and belongs to the genus Flax of the Flax family. It reaches a height of up to 110 cm, but most often the growth is limited to 30-60 cm. The stem of flax is erect and branched. The leaves are sessile, alternate in arrangement, lanceolate in shape with pointed tips. Bright flowers form an inflorescence corymb, which has a fairly loose structure. The natural habitat is the northwestern part of the African continent (Algeria). Flax was introduced into culture in 1820, and since then it has been actively cultivated as an annual.

Grandiflora flax: cultivation

From small seeds, if desired, you can grow a beautiful perennial plant. Flax has an unpretentious character, is resistant to cold, and tolerates even mild frosts. It is preferable to choose sunny, well-lit areas for it. It will grow in any poor garden soil, but preferably without stagnant moisture. In Russia with cold climatic conditions, we recommend choosing large-flowered flax. Growing from seeds is very simple. Germination is almost 100%, and the plant spreads all the way to the taiga zone.

Before planting, the area must be dug up; it is recommended to add humus or compost (3-4 kg per 1 square meter). And also a tablespoon of superphosphate and potassium sulfate. Then mix everything thoroughly and level it with a rake. It is best to water the soil well and leave it for a couple of days, and only then start planting. This can be done in two ways: seedlings or directly into the ground. Choose the one that suits you best.

Flax (red) large-flowered growing from seeds to seedlings

It is recommended to sow in mid-April, as the plant develops quite quickly. Use light soil that is permeable to air and moisture. Pour it into small boxes in an even layer of 5-8 cm and moisten with a spray bottle. Do not bury the seeds, but carefully scatter them over the surface, sprinkle a 1 cm layer of soil on top. It is best to make a small greenhouse and cover the box with polyethylene. Be careful with waterlogging - this is what grandiflora flax does not like. Growing from seeds (photo) is a fairly quick process, seedlings will appear in 7-10 days. As soon as the seedlings have the first pair of true leaves, they should be planted in separate pots with a diameter of about 7 cm and the same depth. Flax has a strong tap root system, so we recommend not delaying planting. The further you go, the more difficult it will be to separate the plants from each other without damaging them.

Sowing seeds in the ground

This method also has a right to exist and is simple. You can sow seeds in early spring (April-May) or late autumn, which is called before winter. Prepare the soil in advance using the method already mentioned above. Then make neat grooves at a distance of 10-15 cm, 4-5 cm deep. Spray them thoroughly with water. Do not press the seeds, but just spread them out in an even layer and sprinkle a small amount of soil on top. When seedlings appear, they must be thinned out; leave a distance between plants of 5-8 cm.

Basic rules for caring for flax

If you want, as they say, to plant a plant and forget it, then choose large-flowered flax (Rubrum). Growing from seeds with seedlings or directly in the ground will not cause any difficulties, and care is even easier.

• Choose light soils without stagnant moisture and cold drafts.
• The plant is heat tolerant, so additional watering will only be required in extremely dry summers.
• During the season, fertilize 2-3 times with complex mineral fertilizers, and the plant will delight you with lush flowering.
• Flowerbeds where flax grows need to be weeded, like any other.
• After rain and watering, it is advisable to loosen the soil so that a crust does not form, especially on heavy soils.

What other “lazy” plants can be planted in the garden?

There is not always time to care for the garden and flower beds, but everyone wants to have their own fragrant corner on the site. Someone will say that this does not happen, and any plant requires attention. Of course, this is true, but the degree of care and its thoroughness differ. If you rarely visit the dacha, then not only large-flowered flax will suit you. Growing some other species from seeds will also come in handy. Pay attention to the openwork gypsophila. The perennial plant will cover the ground with an even carpet. You can also use an annual analogue - graceful gypsophila, it grows quickly and blooms luxuriantly.

Our traditional cornflower is simple and charming at the same time. Now many varieties have been bred not only with blue coloring, but also white, pink, and purple. In addition, the plant will delight you with a double wave of flowering - June and September.

We recommend choosing fragrant iberis or matthiola, toadflax, alyssum, which weaves everything into an even canvas, calendula (not only pleasant, but also useful), nasturtium for both horizontal and vertical gardening, and morning glory.

If you need an easy-to-care, but spectacular and unusual plant, look to the bright and cheerful large-flowered flax. Growing from seeds at home will help you get high-quality seedlings and plants that are stronger by the time they are planted in the ground.

Given the beauty and diversity of plant species, many gardeners want to know how flax grows, how to plant it correctly and care for it. Summer residents are not stopped even by the fact that it is distinguished by its ability to grow quickly and crowd out other flowers.

Show all

How should a flower be grown?

Growing flax in the time of our great-grandfathers was considered important and very responsible. This was due to the fact that this agricultural crop was considered quite valuable. It was used to make oil, flour, weave linens, and used it to insulate houses. That is why our ancestors accumulated a whole arsenal of knowledge about the time of planting and harvesting flax.

For example, a sign of sowing was the flowering of rowan trees, the opening of oak buds and the cuckooing of the cuckoo. Usually this time fell in the second half of May. In addition to all the signs, much attention was paid to the condition of the earth. The soil should be very moist and at the same time sufficiently warm. It was necessary to plant the seeds in the ground before the feast of Saints Helen and Constantine.

Today, some of the advice of great-grandfathers is heeded, but other recommendations have appeared related to changing weather conditions and modern technologies. Many gardeners resort to the lunar calendar, which is very convenient for determining days favorable for sowing flax. Thanks to modern weather conditions, it is possible to plant the plant at the end of April or at the beginning of May. In this case, as before, the condition of the soil must be taken into account.

When growing flax, you need to know that it is not frost-resistant. Temperatures below +3ºС are fatal for it. In this regard, it is advisable to uproot it when harvesting. For a good harvest, the soil should not be waterlogged. But loose soil, on the contrary, has a positive effect on crop growth, since thanks to this the root system receives a sufficient amount of oxygen.

Flax is often negatively affected by fungi. To combat them, gardeners use fungicides. Weeding also plays an important role in the growing process. It is necessary to ensure that weeds do not choke out the emerging shoots of the cultivated plant. Harvesting usually begins in early September, when the weather is dry and warm. So, the stems are pulled out and dried in sheaves. Particular attention is paid to the color of the stems: they should be light yellow. It is this color that indicates that the plant has not dried out.

Depends on the plant variety

There are several varieties of flax. These include oilseed, large-flowered and ornamental. They learned to grow the oilseed species a long time ago; healthy flaxseed oil is produced from it. Those who decide to grow such a plant in their garden should know about its developed root system. Therefore, it is recommended to plant such an oilseed crop separately from other plants, and the area should be quite spacious.



Oilseed flax

Oilseed flax needs moderate watering, and it is also quite heat-loving. Harvesting must begin when the stem height is from 20 to 70 cm. Modern gardeners advise buying certain varieties of oilseed crops for propagation at home. These include Novinka-198, Start, Lubensky-7.



How to grow flax to obtain valuable oil? To do this, you must follow certain rules. Firstly, professional gardeners do not recommend planting in areas where corn has previously been planted. The fact that flax is planted in the same place for 2 or more years in a row will also have a negative impact on the yield. But if its predecessors were watermelons, melons or winter crops, on the contrary, this will help increase productivity.

The oilseed plant must be planted in a special way. Thus, the distance between the rows should be about 15 cm, and the depth of the row should not be more than 7 cm. A prerequisite for planting seeds is their disinfection in order to avoid the harmful effects of fungi. For this purpose, drugs with protective and stimulating effects are used. They must be used in accordance with the attached instructions.

When the first shoots appear after approximately 7-10 days, special attention should be paid to protecting them from weeds and various pests. Weeds need to be weeded as they grow. Spraying with herbicide compounds helps get rid of all kinds of pests. In addition, the plant needs mineral fertilizers. The best options are nitrogen, phosphates and potassium. Each of them is used in different phases of flax growth. For example, nitrogen is fertilized during the period of emergence and before flowering, phosphorus throughout the growing season, and potassium during the formation of buds.



Oilseed flax, the cultivation of which requires special conditions, must also be harvested in a special way. First you need to remove the head, clean and dry them. After this, the stems and roots should be removed. When the crop is harvested, the soil is plowed and dug up. It is recommended to store medicinal seeds in a room with a humidity of no more than 10%.

Large-flowered variety

To grow large-flowered flax, you also need to have certain knowledge. This plant variety has gained popularity due to the variety of its colors. Such flowers serve as decoration for many garden plots. Their advantage is that they look fresh for several days; the withering process does not occur immediately. If you plant large-flowered flowers in May, they will bloom from June to October inclusive.



Flower growers also prefer this plant because it blooms well, even if it is not replanted for 5 years. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the appearance of the leaves and inflorescences. If necessary, you need to change their landing location. Large-flowered flax grows well in illuminated areas. When choosing a planting site, preference should be given to slopes, because there the water in the soil does not stagnate.

In order for the plant to bloom as early as possible, it is recommended to sow the seeds in a greenhouse or in special containers on windowsills in April. Strengthened seedlings are transferred to open ground in May under good weather conditions. That is, the soil temperature plays an important role; it should not be less than +12ºС. For long-term flowering, you can try to transplant the flower to another area after 2 weeks.

Replanting does not harm the flax; it can be done by separating it from the bush. In order for the damaged root system to recover more quickly, it is sprinkled with soil mixed with compost. As a result, flowering quickly resumes. Holes should be dug up to 50 cm deep. They are filled with a solution of water with nitrogen-phosphate fertilizers. Bushes are placed in these holes and covered with soil.



Features of decorative species

Decorative types of flax are much easier to grow than those described earlier. In addition, they are distinguished by a wide variety of colors. They decorate their garden plots with alpine slides and flower beds of these colorful flowers. Ornamental species can be grown only in places with moderate soil moisture. In addition, decorative species love the sun very much, so the area should be well lit.



Decorative flax is grown by seed. The soil for planting them must be well heated. Depending on this, the seeds are planted in the soil either at the end of May or at the beginning of June. If at a given time the ground is not yet warmed up enough, you can sow the seeds in a greenhouse or on window sills. Under optimal weather conditions, the emerging sprouts should be transferred to open ground.

The soil for decorative flax must contain a sufficient amount of humus and drainage. You can enrich the soil with organic fertilizers. It is imperative to take into account the distance between seedlings and planting depth. So, the sprouts must be planted approximately 5 cm from each other, the depth of the hole should not exceed 7 cm.

A description of the process of growing decorative flax must necessarily include care. First of all, weeds should be combated and immediately removed as they appear so that they do not clog the cultivated plant. Despite the fact that flax does not like excess moisture, it needs to be watered in dry weather. However, in the autumn, you should stop watering the plant, as it should dry out naturally.



The flower also needs feeding. However, you don’t need to do it too often: no more than 2-3 times a season. Since decorative flax is often attacked by pests, for example, the flax flea, in this case it is recommended to spray it with special means. As for neighboring plants, it is desirable that these be species with similar growing conditions. That is, they should not be too moisture-loving and have a moderate root system.

Perennial flax

Of the decorative varieties, perennial flax is the most popular. Among them, Aquilegia, Lupine, Rudbeckia, Terry Caspeia and others became the favorite flowers of gardeners. In addition to the fact that their seeds are easy to grow, they can also bloom in the same place for several seasons without replanting. Experienced gardeners will tell you how to plant perennial flax correctly. By following these rules, you can easily grow such a plant at home.



As in previous cases, do not forget about the importance of soil conditions and weather conditions at the time of planting. So, closed soil is more suitable for planting perennial seeds. Only after the sprouts appear, and the air temperature outside is not lower than +20ºС, can they be transplanted into open soil. If, nevertheless, decorative flax seeds are immediately planted on a personal plot, then this should be done in dry weather. The ground should not be too wet.

In those climatic zones where it is warm enough throughout the year, perennial flax can be planted closer to autumn. The planting process is made easier by the fact that the seeds do not have to be placed in the soil; they can simply be sown. It is believed that in this way they adapt faster to the soil. And the seeds of flax varieties such as Rudbeckia and Aquilegia can be laid directly on the surface of the soil and then watered. They are so unpretentious that they can germinate in such conditions.

You should know that perennial flax sown in spring will bloom this year. But if you sow in the fall, flowering will only be observed next year. It is important to remember that seeds sown in autumn must be protected from winter cold. To do this, they are sprinkled with a layer of soil and insulated, like other flowers.

There is one more rule that needs to be taken into account when planting perennial flax seeds in the fall. So, it is recommended to gradually accustom them to cold soil. They do it as follows. Place the seeds in a damp paper napkin or towel and wrap them in a bag. After this, the bundle is placed in the refrigerator for approximately 7 days. However, it is not necessary to resort to this method.

For those who are planning to grow flax on their plot, there are a couple more tips. Firstly, when the height of the sprouts reaches 5 cm, they need to be thinned out so that the gap between the sprouts is about 10 cm. Secondly, unlike annual species, some perennials are difficult to tolerate replanting. Therefore, when buying plant seeds, you should consult the seller about the features of growing the selected species.

So, flax is a beautiful and at the same time useful plant. Having decided to plant it at home, the main thing is to decide what the purpose of the idea is: colorful flower beds or health care.

What are the soil requirements for planting flax?

Good shoots flax are possible only with a successful combination of two components: soil moisture and correctly selected sowing dates. Preparing the soil for sowing flax seeds begins in autumn. The best precursors of flax are winter and spring grains, potatoes and legumes. After the previous harvest is completed, preparation is carried out in 2 stages:

• stubble peeling, i.e. tillage to a depth of 6-8 cm;
• deep plowing to a depth of 20-22 cm 2 weeks after the previous stage.

During this period, the soil must be fertilized. Both phosphorus and potassium fertilizers will be used as fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer applied depends on the type of soil:

For light soils, it is enough to fertilize 60 kg of phosphorus and 90 kg of potassium fertilizers per 1 hectare; for loamy soils - 40 and 60 kg/ha.

The optimal type of soil for growing flax is medium loamy soil with a deep arable layer, a lumpy structure and a slightly acidic reaction. Sandy and clay soils are considered less suitable for flax cultivation. After plowing and before the first frost, cultivation is carried out two more times with a depth of 8-10 cm.

The next stage of soil cultivation is already carried out in the spring. As soon as the frosts have passed and the soil has dried out a little, the plowed land is harrowed or sanded, with simultaneous harrowing. Before and after sowing, the soil is rolled in order to obtain higher yields. Additionally, it is necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizers at the rate of 20-30 kg per 1 ha.

Preparing seeds for sowing and the process of sowing flax

Sowing of flax seeds is carried out in the first or second ten days of May, when the soil at a depth of 10 cm warms up to 7-8 degrees Celsius. To ensure that the seeds are “healthy,” they are dressed using the dry method in special machines. The following pesticides are used for dressing: molybdate, Vidovax, TMTD and others. To accelerate growth, together with fungicides, seeds are treated with microelements such as boric acid, copper sulfur, and biostimulants Agrostimulin or Emistim.

To sow flax on an industrial scale, special machines are used - seeders, adhering to the continuous sowing method. The seeding depth for light soils is 2-3 cm, for heavy soils -1-2 cm. The distance between rows should be 7-8 cm. To increase the yield, mineral fertilizers can be applied to the beds directly with sowing. The correct combination and timely application of fertilizers directly affects the development of the plant as a whole.

Most of all, the plant needs fertilizer at the end of budding - at the beginning of the flowering stage. During the period of development from the “Christmas tree” to the bud, the plant needs nitrogen. As soon as the plant sprouts its first shoots, it must be fertilized with phosphorus. This procedure must be repeated until 10-12 leaves are formed. Immediately after budding, potassium must be added.

Excessive application of nitrogen leads to increased branching of the plant, and the quality of the fiber decreases. A lack of nitrogen, on the contrary, leads to weak plant growth.

To accelerate the ripening of the plant, it is necessary to apply phosphorus fertilizers, for example, superphosphate mixed with phosphorus flour or superphosphate in granules.

Potassium fertilizers affect the yield of seed, and therefore the quality of the fiber. Using potassium fertilizers you can neutralize excess nitrogen.

Maturation period

Flax has three types of ripening depending on the variety:

• early variety
• mid-season
• late ripening.

The average duration of the growing season ranges from 70 to 100 days. At a temperature of 3-5 degrees Celsius, the seeds begin to germinate. Young seedlings tolerate frosts down to -5 °C well. Cloudy weather with a temperature range of 15-18 °C is most suitable for growing thin, tall plants. The plant does not tolerate sudden changes in temperature.

Harvesting

The color of the fruit boxes will tell you when to harvest. If flax is grown for the purpose of obtaining fiber for yarn, then the harvest is carried out during the period of early yellow ripeness. During this period, half of the seed pods become brown or yellow-green, and the other half become yellow. This period lasts 7-10 days.

If flax is grown as an oil crop, then harvesting occurs when green bolls make up no more than 5% of the total harvest, i.e. flax is maximally ripened. Traditionally, this period falls on the last month of summer. Flax can be sown on one plot for no more than 6-7 years.

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