Construction of a gas station. Types and characteristics of gas stations. According to the method of placing tanks

General ideas about gas stations

The main purpose of a gas station is to refuel motor vehicles. The location of the gas station and its production capacity, taking into account the intensity of traffic flows and compliance with the required safety standards - fire, environmental, etc.

Gas station sites must be paved with asphalt or concrete and provide free access for vehicles to the pumps and drainage system. In areas of possible spillage of petroleum products near filling islands, the coating must be resistant to the effects of petroleum products.

Gas stations must have signs indicating the location of the fire reservoir, water wells or fire hydrant, and marker signs at gas stations that have awnings. The area at night must be illuminated in accordance with existing standards. Special lighting should be given to lighting areas for refueling and draining of petroleum products. Gas stations must have a landline telephone.

Petroleum products are stored at gas stations in metal horizontal above-ground or buried tanks.

Tanks and their equipment

Rice. 1

The design of the tank and the technology of its operation must ensure its tightness for 10 years or more. To monitor the tightness of the tank, it is equipped with appropriate systems that allow leaks to be detected in a timely manner and measures taken. The equipment of the tank and its placement must ensure the implementation of all necessary technological operations:

1. reception (discharge) of petroleum products is provided by a drainage device;

2. supply of petroleum products is ensured by a dispensing device;

cleaning inside the tank is carried out through a special hole, which can be made on the lid of the technological neck or separately.

Conventional gas stations have 3-4 types of gasoline and diesel fuel. At the same time, there are several options for refueling at gas stations: according to the principle, one pump - one type of fuel, one point - all types of gasoline and diesel fuel, a mixed option (especially if there is a gas station). The first option involves driving the car to a strictly defined pump, which is not very convenient, because forces. Therefore, at modern gas stations there is a tendency towards the second type.

Gas filling stations are gas filling stations. Usually they are part of gas stations, but given the special requirements for the refueling process, they are located away from gas stations. Today, with the rise in gasoline prices, the demand for gas filling stations is also growing.

KAZS - container gas station or gas station of modular (container) type. This mini-gas station is designed to receive, store and dispense one or two types of fuel in populated areas. Fuel filling stations have an above-ground fuel storage tank. Its technological system is characterized by the placement of gas stations (fuel dispensers) in a single block with a fuel storage container. Convenient for quick deployment of gas stations

MTAZS is a multi-fuel filling station. Allows you to simultaneously sell two types of fuel (liquid motor fuel and liquefied petroleum gas). There are still few such gas stations, but the fashion for gas equipment should do its job - MTAZS will become a common type of gas station.

Diesel fuel is a liquid product used as fuel in a diesel internal combustion engine, as well as in gas diesel engines. Typically, this term refers to fuel obtained from kerosene-gas oil fractions of direct distillation of oil.

Benzine is a flammable mixture of light hydrocarbons with a boiling point from 30 to 200 °C.

Propamine, C3H8 is an organic substance of the alkanes class. Contained in natural gas, it is formed during the cracking of petroleum products.

Butamn (C4H10) is an organic compound of the alkanes class. In chemistry, the name is used primarily to refer to n-butane. The mixture of n-butane and its isomer isobutane CH(CH3)3 has the same name. It is toxic; inhalation of butane causes dysfunction of the pulmonary-respiratory system.

Fuel dispensers

Gas stations use fuel, oil and mixture dispensers designed for refueling vehicles while simultaneously measuring the amount of fuel, oil or mixture dispensed. Dispensers, as strict metering devices, are equipped with measuring devices, the error of readings under operating conditions at ambient and fuel temperatures of +-40C should not exceed the limits of: +-0.25% of public fuel dispensers.

By design, the following types of speakers are distinguished:

· KR - portable with manual drive;

· KER - stationary with electric drive;

· KEM - stationary with electric drive and control from a local master device;

· KA - stationary with electric drive, automated.

Fuel dispensers, regardless of design and manufacturer, have a pump, a liquid meter, a counting device, a gas separator with a float chamber, a filter, an indicator, a dispensing valve, a check valve and a housing.

Rice. 2

Fuel from tank 1, through inlet valve 2, passing through filter 3, enters pump 4.

Gas stations (gas stations) are designed for receiving, storing and refueling land vehicles with motor fuel.

Along with refueling, the following work can be performed at a gas station:

Replacing and adding oil to engines and coolant to radiators;

Inflating tires with air;

Topping up electrolyte and recharging batteries;

Adding brake fluid and bleeding the brakes;

Car wash;

Minor car maintenance and repair work;

Service for drivers and passengers (cafe, shop, etc.).

In order not to reduce the station's refueling capacity, all auxiliary work is carried out away from the refueling islands at specially designated posts.

Car gas stations are classified according to various criteria. By design:

Stationary;

Container (KAZS);

Mobile (PAS).

By functional purpose:

Common use;

Departmental.

According to the method of placing tanks:

With underground location;

With ground location;

With location on the vehicle.

According to the regulatory parameters of standard projects:

By the number of fuel dispensers;

By the number of gas stations during peak hours;

By the number of cars refueled per day;

By total tank capacity.

According to the type of location on the ground, gas stations are:

Road;

Urban;

Rural;

Road gas stations are located near highways. They must ensure that vehicles are filled with fuel, compressed air and water. The capacity of road stations depends on the volume of vehicles on the road and can reach 1000 - 1500 refills per day.

Urban gas stations are located in cities outside the central part (residential buildings) and are designed to refuel all types of cars and motorcycles. The capacity of city stations is 250 - 1000 refills per day, and the capacity of "sidewalk type" stations is 150 - 250 refills per day in the central areas of the city for personal cars.

Rural gas stations provide refueling of vehicles of agricultural enterprises and organizations of regional centers with all types of fuels and lubricants.

River gas stations refuel small watercraft - boats, motor boats, etc.

Stationary gas stations are built according to standard designs with commercially produced technological systems for receiving, storing and refueling fuel, agreed with the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. Non-serial technological systems are allowed, the documentation of which is consistent with the territorial divisions of the fire service.

Stationary gas stations are capital structures, including buildings, fuel dispensers, tanks, process pipelines, treatment facilities and various process support systems. A variant of gas station structures is shown in Figure 4.1.

The curtain group includes filling islands, information column lamps, a cladding set of the colonnade and the curtain part, a light frieze in the “Customer’s” proprietary color scheme, a volumetric light sign of the “Customer”, lighting fixtures, a transition dome between the building and the curtain group.

Rice. 4.1. Composition of gas station structures: a) I - hanging group; 2 - production block of the building; 3 - service block of the building; b) 1 - hanging group; 2 - building module of full factory readiness

Filling islands are made of polished or ground stainless steel and are used as dispenser bases, column supports, steles and service posts to protect them from damage by vehicles.

The gas station building consists of one factory-ready module or production and service blocks. The production block includes a central entrance, an operator's work area, an electrical room, a storage room, a service exit, a mechanic's room, an administrator's room, a service bathroom, a bathroom for visitors and a security room. The service block is designed for maintenance.

The gas station building is equipped with air conditioning systems, a thermal curtain for the central vestibule, television surveillance, heating, lighting and ventilation, electricity and water consumption metering, sewerage, security and fire alarm systems, public address system, as well as fuel dispenser protection units, etc.

Stationary gas stations can provide refueling for up to 1,500 cars per day. In terms of capacity, they are designed for 200, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 car refuelings per day, in terms of the number of refuelings during peak hours - 57, 100, 135, 170 cars per hour, and other capacities are possible (Table 4.1). The most common types are gas stations with 500 - 750 refills per day.

Table 4.1 Regulatory parameters of typical gas station projects

The technological process of functioning of a stationary gas station includes a complex of operations for receiving, storing and dispensing petroleum products. In order to increase the efficiency of gas stations, the technological process can be provided by automated systems for determining the amount of fuel, monitoring the tightness of tanks, reducing fuel losses and maintaining its quality.

The amount of fuel stored at a gas station is determined based on the average amount of refueling for one car (50 liters), and the amount of fuel dispensers is determined based on servicing 15 cars per hour.

The station layout can have different solutions depending on the power and amount of fuel supplied and the services provided to customers. One such solution is shown in Figure 4.2.

Rice. 4.2. Layout of a gas station: I - platform for a tank truck; 2 - fuel tanks; 3 - parking; 4 - trash cans; 5 - stele; b - storage tanks for wastewater treatment plants

Not all car enthusiasts think about how a modern gas station works. But in order for fuel to get into the tank of a car, it must go through a rather difficult path through the gas station itself, which now uses the most modern technologies.

Fuel gets to gas stations in different ways; fuel can be brought by train, or it can be delivered to its destination using a pipeline, but most often it is delivered to individual stations using conventional fuel trucks.

Modern fuel tankers, as a rule, have several internal sections, so they bring several types of fuel at once. Fuel will be drained from a section with a volume of 10,900 liters for approximately half an hour. During this time, refueling with a specific fuel will be prohibited for safety and more accurate subsequent reporting of fuel volume.

Before fuel is discharged into underground storage facilities, it undergoes control. First of all, fuel documents are checked, the seal on the tank is opened, its fill level is checked, and then a fuel analysis is taken. New fuel is checked for density; roughly speaking, it should not be diluted with water intentionally or accidentally due to rainwater, condensation, etc.

After checking, the fuel is connected to the tank using a drain pipe and the fuel begins to drain.

Fuel storage

Fuel tanks can be above ground or underground. They are made of steel and are most often made of two layers for safety. Typically, fuel storage tanks do not exceed 50 cubic meters, but there are tanks with a volume of more than 200 cubic meters; such storage facilities are already considered mini-oil depots, to which their own requirements apply.

The fuel level in the container itself is measured with a meter rod. The fuel level is measured not only when fuel is drained, but also when operators change shifts.

1. Foot valve. It prevents fuel from draining from pipelines and all equipment back into the tank. Without a valve, the pump would have to completely fill the entire system from the reservoir to the refueling nozzle each time it is refueled, which wastes energy and time.

2. Filter. Another filter element at a gas station, it can be installed immediately after the intake valve or in the gas separator (5). If the filter becomes clogged, a hum can be heard when refueling, since the pump has to work with great effort.

3 and 4. Motor and pump. They work in pairs, usually connected by a belt drive, but there are also designs where the pump and motor sit on the same shaft. A belt drive is considered safer, since it is protected from increased loads on the engine.

5. Gas separator. In accordance with the name, it separates excess gases from the fuel, which are suspended in a calm state, and when the fuel is actively mixed, they combine and begin to create foam. The device of the gas separator is extremely simple - it is a small reservoir in which the fuel is retained for a short time, and excess gases freely escape through the drainage holes at the top.

6. Solenoid valve. It opens when fuel is supplied and closes immediately after fuel injection stops. If this valve is broken, it may simply shut off the entire system or not close it; in the latter case, even after the pump is turned off, fuel will flow into the dispensing nozzle by inertia. When the solenoid valve is not closed, the dispenser fills approximately 0.2-0.5 liters of excess fuel.

7. Liquid meter. It can be called differently, for example, a fuel meter, a liquid meter, etc., but it has one function - to accurately measure the amount of fuel. Fuel meters can be electronic or mechanical. In the first case, the accuracy is adjusted using special commands, in the second case, using adjusting bolts.

8. Viewing window. It is a hollow flask with glass. If the flask is filled with fuel, then the receiving valve is working and the fuel remains in the system after the pump is turned off.

It can be called by different names, it is designed to control the fuel supply to the tank neck, and also cuts off the fuel supply when the tank is overfilled.

10, 11, 12. Control system. The system combines a fuel dispenser and an operator control panel.

Introduction

An automobile filling station (gas station) is a set of equipment on a roadside area designed for refueling vehicles.

The most common gas stations are those that refuel vehicles with traditional types of hydrocarbon fuels - gasoline and diesel fuel (gasoline stations).

Less common are the Automobile Gas Filling Compressor Station (CNG Filling Station) - refueling with compressed natural gas (CNG) and the Automobile Gas Filling Station (AGS) - refueling with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). There are also several types of hydrogen filling station.

Gas stations (gas stations), which are the most important link in the petroleum product supply system, are complex engineering structures equipped with a set of automated systems to ensure the technological process of receiving, storing fuel and refueling vehicles. The efficiency and safety of gas stations largely depends on the level of training of operators - the main service personnel.

Gas stations are subject to increased fire and environmental hazards.

At modern gas stations, the service is often not limited to the sale of fuel. Often at such stations there is a small store, less often a snack bar, as well as an ATM, car wash, etc.

Stationary gas stations are equipped with lighting and lightning protection systems.

Depending on their location, gas stations are distinguished between road and city gas stations. City gas stations are subject to more stringent safety requirements; in particular, the permissible distances to residential buildings, schools, hospitals, and public buildings are strictly regulated.

car gas filling station

General information and classification of gas stations

Car gas stations are classified according to various criteria.

By functional purpose:

common use;

departmental.

According to the method of placing tanks:

with underground location;

with ground location;

with location on the vehicle.

By design:

A traditional gas station is a gas station, a technological system designed to refuel vehicles only with liquid fuel and is characterized by the underground location of the tanks and their separation from the fuel dispenser.

Block gas station is a gas station, a technological system that is designed to refuel vehicles only with liquid motor fuel and is characterized by the underground location of tanks and the placement of a fuel dispenser above the fuel storage unit. Made as a single factory product.

Modular gas station - a gas station, a technological system that is designed to refuel vehicles only with liquid motor fuel and is characterized by a ground location of tanks and the separation of fuel dispensers and tanks.

Container gas station is a gas station, a technological system that is designed to refuel vehicles only with liquid motor fuel and is characterized by the ground location of the tanks and the placement of the fuel dispenser in a fuel storage container made as a single factory product.

Mobile gas station - a gas station intended for retail sale of liquid motor fuel only, the technological scheme of which is installed on a car chassis, trailer, semi-trailer and is made as a single factory product.

Multi-fuel gas station - a gas station on the territory of which vehicles can be refueled with two or three types of fuel. Automotive gas filling station (AGS) is a gas station, the technological system of which is intended only for filling cylinders of the fuel system of vehicles with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).

Automotive gas filling compressor station (CNG filling station) is a gas station, the technological system of which is intended only for filling cylinders of the fuel system of vehicles with compressed natural gas.

Fuel station - a gas station, which is located on the territory of an enterprise and is intended for refueling vehicles of this enterprise.

The main technical characteristic of a gas station is its capacity, which is determined by the number of gas stations per day (250, 500, 750, 1000 or more gas stations per day) or the number of gas stations during rush hour (57, 100, 135,170 cars).

The operating mode of the gas station is mainly 3-shift, the fueling point - according to the operating mode of the enterprise.

The territory of the gas station must correspond to the project agreed upon in accordance with the established procedure. The location of the gas station is indicated by the road sign “Gas Station”. The roadway of the gas station territory must have a hard surface and be in good condition. At the entrance to and exit from the territory of the gas station, elevated areas with a height of at least 0.2 m or drainage trays must be provided to carry contaminated wastewater to treatment facilities that ensure the collection and disposal of storm and melt water. On the territory of a gas station, the construction of underground premises and underground spaces under buildings and structures is prohibited. Pits for fuel dispensers and cable wells are filled with non-combustible material. Landscaping of the gas station area with coniferous trees, shrubs and grasses that produce fibrous or pubescent seeds is not allowed.

Buildings and structures at gas stations must be located in strict accordance with the design and periodically inspected. The results of the inspection with a description of all observations of damage and repair work performed, the results of measurements of foundation settlement are recorded in a special journal for the inspection and repair of buildings and structures.

The technological equipment of gas stations is divided into the following groups according to its functional purpose:

Equipment for storing fuel and oils at gas stations;

Equipment for dispensing fuel and oils to consumers (fuel dispensers, mixture dispensers and oil dispensers);

Equipment for controlling columns and automating technological processes at the station;

Equipment for quantitative accounting of petroleum products;

Equipment for vehicle maintenance and repair;

Car washing equipment;

Equipment for the treatment of storm and domestic wastewater;

Equipment for solving environmental problems;

Fire fighting equipment;

Lightning protection.

Rice. 1. Typical gas station projects: a - gas station for 500 refills per day; b - gas station, for 1000 refills per day; 1 - building for station staff and trading functions; 2 - islands with dispensers; 3 - underground tanks for storing fuels and oils

Rice. 2. Gas station technological equipment diagram: 1 - drain well; 2 - drain device; 3 -- level indicator UDU-10; 4 - tank with a volume of 25 m 3; 5 -- breathing device; 6 -- technological well; 7 -- gauging hatch pipe; 8 -- well cover; 9 -- valve; 10 -- fuel refueling column

Rice. 3.

In flame extinguishers 1 and 3, brass meshes 2 and 4, respectively, with a large number of cells (144-220 per 1 cm2), having a high heat capacity, are installed inside. If the escaping gasoline vapors ignite, the flame from the combustion of the air-gasoline mixture, trying to penetrate inside the pipe and into the tank, is cut by the mesh into many small jets and, giving up its heat to the mesh, goes out. The suction pipeline 11 also has a corner flame arrester 10, the mesh of which acts as a fuel filter and at the same time its heat capacity is sufficient to extinguish the flame that occurs in the pipeline. If the dispensing of fuel through the dispensing gun with hose 13 stops, a constant level of the fuel column in the pipeline and fuel dispenser 12 is maintained by the suction (check) valve 5, which closes under the own weight of the plates 6 and the pressure of the liquid column exceeding its level in the tank.

Rice. 4. Fuel dispenser with double drive and measuring cylinders: 1 - air valve; 2 - shut-off valve; 3 - dimensional cylinder; 4 - calibration rings; 5 - distribution valve body, 6 - valve plug; 7 and 14 - check valves; 8 - discharge valve; 9 - inlet valve; 10 and 15 - bypass valves; 11 - rotor of the vane pump; 12 - suction valve; 13 - filter; 16 - hand pump piston; 17 - viewing device; 18 - shift mechanism handle; 19 - counter; 20 - arrow reset button; 21 - distribution hose; 22 - valve shut-off valve handle; 23 - shut-off valve; 24 - dispensing valve

Introduction

The economic transformations that have occurred in Russia in recent years have led to dramatic changes in the commodity market. Against the background of the rapid growth of the car fleet, the number of gas stations has increased several times, and their quality has also completely changed. An increasing number of our gas stations have begun to meet international standards. The capacity of today's gas station network is several times higher than the level of the early 90s. The number of high-performance fuel dispensers (fuel dispensers) has increased and the speed of refueling vehicles has increased. In addition, at modern gas stations and filling complexes you can get a whole range of services (oil change, minor repairs, car wash, shop, cafe, etc.).

Increasingly stringent requirements are now being placed on operating materials (gasoline, diesel fuel, lubricating oils) in terms of improving quality and economical use. Therefore, knowledge of the composition, properties, areas of application and operational characteristics of petroleum products is necessary for everyone involved in their production, transportation, storage, consumption, and marketing.

The range of petroleum products produced by oil refineries has changed significantly in recent years. New brands of petroleum fuels with improved environmental properties have appeared. This is achieved through the expansion of destructive oil refining processes, especially hydrocatalytic ones, and the use of effective additives that increase the functional properties of petroleum products.

History of gas stations

For the first time, gasoline and other types of fuel, such as household gas, began to be sold in pharmacies; for the owner of the pharmacy, this was an additional source of income and was considered a side business. The first gas station was a pharmacy in Wiesloch (Germany), where Bertha Benz, the wife of Karl Benz, filled the tank of the first car in which she made her first trip from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back in 1888. In 2008, Bertha Benz erected a memorial plaque in memory of this event.

Gas station is a complex of buildings with equipment designed for receiving, storing and dispensing petroleum products to vehicles, selling oils, greases, spare parts, vehicle accessories and providing services to owners of individual vehicles.

In our country, motorization of all sectors of the national economy is occurring at a rapid pace. The intensive development of road transport should be accompanied by the development of related facilities designed to service cars. This primarily applies to gas stations. It is obvious that without creating a sufficient, expediently located, well-planned network of high-performance gas stations, it is difficult to ensure efficient, economical operation of state road transport and meet the needs of rapidly growing individual vehicles.

The beginning of the intensive development of our gas station network should be dated back to 1960, i.e., to the time when gas stations were transferred to the oil supply system.

Over the past years, there have been serious qualitative changes in the operating system of gas stations, the level of service has sharply increased, and the technical equipment of gas stations has radically changed.

Domestic fuel dispensers, characterized by great reliability and durability, have been created and are being widely implemented.

Prefabricated structures of gas station buildings and premises, as well as technological units, have been developed and are being implemented.

Prefabricated gas stations are characterized by great aesthetics.

However, there is still a need to speed up the development of the network of gas stations and further improve them.

Purpose of gas station

General ideas about gas stations

Petroleum products are stored at gas stations in metal horizontal above-ground or buried tanks.

Tanks and their equipment

Rice. 1 general tank installation diagram

Reception (discharge) of petroleum products is ensured by a drain device;

Dispensing of petroleum products is ensured by a dispensing device;

cleaning inside the tank is carried out through a special hole, which can be made on the lid of the technological neck or separately.

Gasoline is a flammable mixture of light hydrocarbons with a boiling point from 30 to 200 °C.

Propane, C3H8 - an organic substance of the alkanes class. Contained in natural gas, it is formed during the cracking of petroleum products.

Butane (C4H10) is an organic compound of the alkanes class. In chemistry, the name is used primarily to refer to n-butane. The mixture of n-butane and its isomer isobutane CH(CH3)3 has the same name. It is toxic; inhalation of butane causes dysfunction of the pulmonary-respiratory system.

Fuel dispensers

By design, the following types of speakers are distinguished:

· KR - portable with manual drive;

· KER - stationary with electric drive;

· KEM - stationary with electric drive and control from a local master device;

· KA - stationary with electric drive, automated.

Rice. 2 Typical hydraulic diagram of a fuel dispenser

Fuel from tank 1, through inlet valve 2, passing through filter 3, enters pump 4.

Gas station operation

Environmental protection

The source of environmental pollution at gas stations is the evaporation of petroleum products, spills of petroleum products, as well as vehicle exhaust gases.

At the gas station, it is necessary to periodically check the air pollution in the surrounding air.

Discharge of untreated wastewater into water bodies is strictly prohibited.

Changing filter materials, as well as removing captured oil products and sediment from treatment facilities must be done as necessary.

It is necessary to systematically monitor the cleanliness of sewer wells, prevent their outlets from flooding, and at least 2 times a year clean and carry out internal inspections of existing sewer network equipment, wells and necessary repairs.

Fire prevention and safety measures

When operating a gas station, fire safety rules must be strictly observed.

In gas station premises, it is prohibited to use temporary electrical wiring, electric stoves, reflectors and other electrical appliances with exposed heating elements.

On the territory of a gas station it is prohibited:

· - smoke and use open fire;

· - wash your hands, wash clothes and wipe the floors of the room with flammable liquids;

· - presence of unauthorized persons not related to the gas station.

· - refuel vehicles whose drivers are intoxicated;

· - refuel rubber-running tractors that do not have spark arresters.

· - refuel vehicles, except for passenger cars.

When refueling a vehicle at a gas station, the following rules must be observed:

· -Motorcycles, scooters, mopeds must be moved to and from fuel and mixture dispensers manually with the engine turned off, starting and stopping which must be done at a distance of at least 15 meters from the dispensers;

· -All operations when refueling vehicles must be carried out only in the presence of the driver and with the engine turned off;

· - Petroleum products spilled when refueling vehicles must be covered with sand, and the sand must be collected in a metal box with a tight-fitting lid;

· -Sand is removed from the territory of the gas station to specially designated areas;

· -After refueling the vehicle, the driver is required to install the dispensing valve in the pump;

The distance between the car standing at the gas station and the one following it must be at least 3 meters, and between subsequent cars in the queue - at least 1 meter.

Lightning protection

The structures of petroleum products supply enterprises must be protected from direct lightning strikes and its secondary manifestations in accordance with the requirements of the Instructions for the installation of lightning protection for buildings and structures RD 34.21.122-87.

When protecting steel tanks with free-standing lightning rods, the tank bodies must be connected to grounding. It is allowed to connect down conductors of free-standing lightning rods to these groundings.

The connection of tanks to grounding should be made no more than 50 m around the perimeter of the base of the tank, and the number of connections should be at least two.

For category II tanks, protection against electromagnetic induction must be provided every 25-30 m in the form of metal jumpers between pipelines, cables in a metal casing and other extended metal structures connected to the tank, located at a distance of 10 m or less from each other.

Installation of jumpers at joints (joints) of metal pipelines or other extended structures is not required.

Automotive Gasoline

Gasolines are fuels for carburetor engines with forced ignition from a spark discharge. To ensure reliable operation of engines in all modes, gasoline must have the following properties: complete volatility to achieve the highest possible combustion efficiency; high detonation resistance; high chemical stability, which determines the absence of a tendency to form deposits in the engine fuel system; good compatibility with materials; low corrosiveness towards metals and no impact on rubber products.

Table. Technical characteristics of typical gas stations

Types of gas stations	Number of refills per day


Standard project numbers
Typical gas stations with car maintenance points
Land area, ha
Number of filling stations, pcs.	3-8 (fuel) 4 (oil)	10-12 (fuel) 4 (oil)
Number of tanks:
For fuel (25m)
For oil (5m)
For used oils (5m)
Electrical power consumption, kW:
Lighting

Heating
Water heating
Standard project numbers

Chemical properties of gasoline

Gasolines are highly volatile and flammable liquids. They contain about 85% by weight carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and small amounts of oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) and sulfur S. Therefore, when gasoline is completely burned, the exhaust gases mainly consist of water and carbon dioxide.

Physical properties of gasoline

Physical properties include: density, viscosity, surface tension, heat of combustion, refractive index, volatility, oxidability, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity. corrosive activity, chemical stability, tendency to form deposits in the form of soot, toxicity.

Modern gas station

Automaker MAZDA has received permission from Japanese authorities to operate the first hydrogen gas station.

The new station is designed for refueling all types of cars with hydrogen engines, where hydrogen is stored in a compressed gaseous state.

The developed modern technologies make it possible to produce environmentally friendly, environmentally friendly water refueling, which meets the requirements of the EU and RUSSIA.

Conclusion

car gas station gasoline

A modern gas station is not just a “container-pump-dispenser” system created for refilling a gas tank. This is a whole complex of providing all the necessary services on the road. Let's hope that the further development of gas stations will go in the same direction: modern design, modern technologies, modern services and most importantly - high quality fuel.

In the process of completing course work, I improved my skills in working in the Word text editor, the Paint graphic editor and the Excel spreadsheet processor. I also mastered the chemical editor CS ChemDraw Pro and learned how to create presentations in Power Point.

Bibliography

V.G. Verevkin - Reference Information Manual.

E.I. Zorya - Operations with Petroleum Products.

Traven V.F. Organic chemistry: Textbook for universities: 2 volumes / V.F. Traven. - M.: ICC “Akademkniga”, 2004.

Construction of a gas station. Types and characteristics of gas stations. According to the method of placing tanks

Fuel storage

Read more about the device of the refueling nozzle

Introduction

General information and classification of gas stations