Growing soil for mangoes at home. Mango is a juicy fruit. Stages of bone transformation

Almost everyone has probably tried mango. This fruit is very popular in Southeast Asian countries. In Russia, the climate does not allow it to be grown in open ground, but at home it is quite possible. Even a non-fruiting tree looks very attractive, decorating the interior.

What does a mango look like?

In nature, mango (Mangifera indica) is a powerful evergreen tree that grows up to 40 m in height. The crown is wide, spreading, 10–15 m in diameter. Its homeland is the tropics of Southeast Asia. It is especially common in India, Thailand, Vietnam, and Myanmar. Nowadays, extensive plantations exist in the southern states of the USA, Mexico, the Caribbean and Central America, and Australia. Humanity has been growing mangoes for over 4,000 years. In its homeland it is called “fruit of the gods”, “great fruit”, and also “Asian apple”. According to legend, mangoes are a wedding gift from the god Shiva to his future wife Sati.

In nature, a mango tree can grow up to 40 m in height

The mango tree grows quite quickly, but you have to wait 10–15 years for fruiting. But its productive period is 250–300 years.

Mango plantations exist in many countries with tropical climates

It is not possible to grow mangoes in open ground in Russia. The climate and weather conditions are radically different from what the plant is accustomed to. But amateur flower growers have successfully “domesticated” the crop and even manage to get a harvest in “captivity.” In such conditions, the height of the tree is usually limited to 1.5–2 m.

Mango tree can bear fruit for 300 years

Mango leaves are long and narrow, lancet-shaped. The front side is painted bright green and has a glossy shine. The reverse side is lighter and matte. Young leaves have a yellowish, pinkish or reddish tint. At first they look very sluggish, lifeless. Don’t be surprised, this is the norm for the plant, and not some kind of exotic disease. In their homeland they are called “shawl leaves,” hinting that they look like laundry hung out to dry.

Young mango leaves are colored in different shades of reddish-yellow and pinkish - this is the norm for the plant.

The juice of the leaves is poisonous. It can cause allergies, cause a rash, and redness of the skin. Therefore, any mango pruning work should only be done with gloves. The place for the plant pot should be chosen so that it is out of the reach of children and pets.

Mango blooms in early spring. The inflorescences consist of many small yellowish, pinkish or pale red flowers and are shaped like a raceme or panicle. They are very long, up to 30–40 cm. Each has at least several hundred flowers, often the number reaches a thousand. They emit a pleasant aroma, a bit like the smell of lilies.

Mango blooms very profusely; one inflorescence can contain up to a thousand flowers.

Video: what a mango tree looks like

Description of fruits

It takes 4–6 months for the fruit to ripen. The appearance of the fruit depends on the variety. There are also small mangoes, slightly larger than a plum, and “record holders” weighing more than 2 kg. The average weight of the fruit is 200–400 g, length varies from 5 to 22 cm. The skin is colored in different colors - from greenish and lime to dark scarlet and reddish brown, including all shades of yellow. Combinations of all three colors are often found. The skin is dense, matte, smooth to the touch, covered with a waxy coating. For ripe fruits, when pressed, it moves, but does not penetrate deeply.

The appearance and size of mango fruit depends on the plant variety

The pulp is bright, saffron, very soft, juicy and sweet, the taste is somewhat reminiscent of a mixture of apricot, peach, pineapple and melon, with a spicy aroma in which notes of lemon and roses can be discerned. Each fruit contains one large seed, hard and ribbed to the touch.

Mango pulp is very juicy and incredibly tasty, has a unique aroma

“Natural” mango fruits do not smell very pleasant. The smell evokes associations with mold, rot, even rotten meat. Many people even develop allergies to this “aroma”. This is explained by the fact that in nature, mangoes are most often pollinated by bats. They spread its seeds. But fortunately, the vast majority of modern varieties bred by breeders are devoid of this unpleasant feature.

Beneficial properties of mango

Mango is not only very tasty, but also healthy. The fruits are valued for their high content of essential amino acids, fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids, pectin, vitamins B, A, D and E, as well as for their low calorie content. 100 g contains only 66 kcal, so mango can pleasantly diversify any diet.

Even small mango trees grown at home can produce a bountiful harvest.

In folk medicine, especially in India, mango is used very widely. The fruits are used to improve immunity, to combat migraines and stress, to relieve nervous tension, and also as an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agent. It is also believed that regular consumption of mangoes is an effective prevention of the development of tumors, including malignant ones. Previously, it was recommended to eat them in order to avoid contracting cholera and plague.

Mango leaf infusion has been scientifically proven to have antibacterial properties. It can be used instead of mouth rinses. It is also recommended to drink it for diabetes of any type to avoid retinal detachment and normalize blood pressure.

There are also contraindications. Mango should not be combined with alcohol or abused if you do not want to develop persistent stomach and intestinal upset. Those who are prone to allergic reactions should try the fruits carefully - skin rashes, redness and swelling of the lips are possible. It is recommended to cool the mango before serving. Thanks to this, the specific oiliness of the pulp, which not everyone likes, is softened.

Video: health benefits of mango

Common varieties

In nature there are about. More than a thousand have been bred by breeders. They differ greatly in skin color, size and shape of the fruit. The most common types are:

Alphonso variety is one of the most common varieties and is considered practically the standard of taste. The pulp is creamy, melts in the mouth, very sweet, with a light saffron aroma. At the same time, the skin is hard, which ensures good transportability. The average weight of one fruit is 200–300 g;
Alphonso mango is one of the most widespread varieties in the world; it is highly valued for its taste.
the Kesar variety has rather inconspicuous fruits - round, small (about 150 g), with dull skin covered with yellowish spots. But the taste is simply magnificent, sweet, with a subtle sourness. The consistency of the pulp resembles an apricot and is very aromatic;
Kesar mango does not look very presentable, but this does not affect the taste in any way
Banganapalli has elongated fruits weighing 350–400 g, shaped like potatoes. The skin is quite thin, greenish-yellow. The pulp is not too juicy, but sweet and without fiber;
Mango variety Banganapalli has fairly large fruits that resemble potatoes in shape.
Kent is one of the best achievements of US breeders, grown mainly in Florida and Miami. It is valued not only for its good transportability, long shelf life, high yield and disease resistance. The salad-green fruits with a reddish blush have an amazing taste. There are practically no fibers in the pulp. The fruiting period is long, stretches throughout the summer;
Kent mangoes are well stored and transported, have high yields and disease resistance
The Sindhri variety is distributed mainly in Pakistan and has become the national symbol of this state. The fruits are irregular in shape, slightly crooked. The pulp is very sweet and soft, with a noticeable honey flavor. The skin is thin, so the fruits are stored for a maximum of 2–3 days;
Sindhri mango is one of the national symbols of Pakistan.
Neelam is one of the most popular varieties in India. It has high productivity. Fruits weighing up to 200 g. Seeds are very small. The pulp is juicy and has a distinct floral aroma;
Neelam variety mango has small fruits weighing up to 200 g
Gulab Khas has medium sized fruits (180–200 g). The pulp is of an unusual reddish hue with the aroma of roses. The skin is pale yellow. In Southeast Asia, desserts are most often prepared from this mango;
Gulab Khas mangoes are most often used in desserts in their homeland.
The Kaen Oan variety has elongated, narrow fruits that grow in clusters. The skin is thin, orange-pink. The average weight of a mango is 250 g. The taste is moderately sweet, not cloying, the flesh is quite dense. Unlike most varieties, it ripens in mid or late autumn;
Kaen Oan mangoes grow in clusters and ripen in mid to late autumn.
Pimsean is a fairly rare variety, even in its homeland. The fruits have an almost regular round shape and appear swollen. The skin is rich green with vague pinkish spots. The pulp is dark orange, very juicy and sweet. The average fruit weight is 400–450 g;
Pimsean mangoes have sweet, dark orange flesh.
the Gaew Lek variety has fruits weighing no more than 100 g, but this does not affect the taste in any way. The skin is soft, lime-colored. The pulp is pale yellow. The variety is especially popular in Thailand;
Mango variety Gaew Lek has quite small but very tasty fruits
Keo Sa Woei. The fruits are dark green in color, with a yellow spot at the base. The flesh is bright orange and very soft. The skin is thin, so they are practically not stored; they can even ferment directly on the tree;
In mango variety Keo Sa Woei, even ripe fruits remain green
Nam Doc Mai is one of the most common mango varieties that successfully takes root and bears fruit not only in the tropics. The fruits are elongated, tapering towards the base, weight varies greatly (150–600 g). Ripe mangoes are very sweet, but unripe ones are also eaten - they also have a pleasant sweet and sour taste. The skin is bright yellow;
Nam Doc Mai mangoes are grown not only in the tropics, but also in regions with less suitable climates for the crop.
Nang Klang Wan has elongated fruits and greenish-yellow skin. The pulp has obvious fibers and is sour;
Nang Klang Wan mango has a very different taste from most other varieties.
Chok Anan is one of the favorite varieties in Thailand. The shape of the fruit is similar to a comma or cashew nut. The skin is pale yellow, the flesh is the same color with a noticeable honey flavor. At home it brings a harvest twice a year;
Mango fruits of the Chok Anan variety have a noticeable honey flavor
Brahm Kai Mia. The average weight of the fruit is 200–250 g. The skin is dark green. The pulp is slightly crispy, yellow, with a pronounced sourness. The taste is very pleasant, refreshing;
Mango fruits of the Brahm Kai Mia variety have crispy flesh with a pronounced sourness
Kyo Savoy has large fruits (300–500 g) with an almost regular oval shape. The skin is greenish-yellow with pink spots. The pulp is dense, but very juicy and sweet, not fibrous, with a lemon aroma. The fruits tolerate transportation well and can be stored for a long time;
Kyo Savoy mango is valued for its good shelf life and transportability.
Bayley's Marvel is one of the most frost-resistant varieties and can be grown even in Russia, in regions with a subtropical climate. The tree is distinguished by its growth rate, the crown is symmetrical and rounded. Fruits weighing up to 300 g, bright yellow with a pinkish-orange “blush”. The pulp is not fibrous, very juicy, sweet, slightly tart;
Bayley’s Marvel mango is a variety that successfully takes root and bears fruit even in Russia
Beverly is one of the new products in the selection, but is already considered almost a standard in taste. The fruits weigh 200–250 g, the skin is greenish with a yellow spot at the base. Its appearance indicates that the mango is fully ripe. The pulp is dark orange. Productivity is high, fruiting lasts for several months;
Beverly mango is one of the latest and very successful achievements of breeders
Carrie variety. The tree is not tall, with a very dense crown. The skin is yellow and thin. The pulp is very aromatic, completely fiber-free. The average weight of the fetus is 180–200 g;
The Carrie mango variety is distinguished by the unusual density of the tree crown.
Haden is an old, established variety, bred in Florida at the beginning of the twentieth century. The fruits are large (about 400 g), apricot color with reddish spots. The pulp is bright orange, firm, but juicy, very aromatic. There are few fibers, mainly near the bone;
Haden mango is one of the oldest varieties that are still cultivated commercially.
Julie is one of the most popular dwarf varieties. The height of the tree, even under optimal conditions, does not exceed 2–3 m. The fruits weigh 200–250 g, slightly flattened, greenish-yellow with pinkish spots. The pulp is soft like cream and very tasty. Productivity increases if cross-pollination is possible;
Mango Julie is a dwarf variety well suited for growing at home
Mallika is an Indian variety, very popular among those who grow mangoes on an industrial scale. The fruits are bright yellow in color, weighing up to 300 g. The pulp is hard, but juicy and aromatic, with a honey flavor, orange. The tree is quite compact, suitable for growing at home;
Mallika mango has very juicy and aromatic pulp with a pronounced honey flavor
Springfels variety. The tree is not tall, and its growth rate does not differ. The fruits are greenish with yellow and pink spots. The pulp tastes like pineapple. The average weight of a mango is 150–180 g.
Springfels mango has a compact tree and is also slow growing.

How to plant mangoes correctly

In the homeland of mangoes, the temperature remains virtually unchanged throughout the year. The climate is also characterized by high humidity. This must be taken into account when choosing a location for the plant. And also the fact that it requires long daylight hours. In most of Russia, natural light will not be enough, so you will have to use ordinary fluorescent or special phytolamps, extending the daylight hours to 14–16 hours.

Mangoes are placed near a window facing south or southeast. If the tree was purchased from a special nursery or store, there is no need to replant it immediately. It is better to give him 2-3 weeks to adapt to new conditions.

When growing mangoes at home, you need to provide the plant with 14–16 hours of daylight.

The soil

It does not make any special demands on the quality of the soil, but it is desirable that it be light and loose. The only prerequisite is that the substrate must be sufficiently acidic. You can purchase special soil for azaleas, gardenias, and hydrangeas in the store, or annually add peat to the soil, add a few drops of apple cider vinegar or citric acid crystals to the water for irrigation.

The soil for growing mangoes should be acidic (pH 4.0–5.5), any store-bought substrate is suitable for plants that prefer similar soil

Experienced gardeners mix the soil themselves. The simplest option is peat chips, ordinary garden soil and coarse river sand (1:2:1). The latter can be replaced with any baking powder - perlite, vermiculite, dried sphagnum moss or coconut fiber.

The root system of mangoes is powerful and developed. In nature, its roots go 6–10 m into the soil. Therefore, you will need a fairly large pot or even a tub. It is advisable that the container be ceramic or wooden - natural materials allow air to pass through. It is good if the pot has a thick bottom, otherwise the mango roots may simply break through it.

The mango tree has a powerful root system, so the pot for the plant must be massive and stable, with a thick bottom

The process of planting and replanting a plant

The best time to plant and replant mangoes is late spring or early summer. There is no need to carry out the procedure too often: for an adult plant, once every 3–4 years is enough. When it is no longer physically possible to replant a tree due to its size, they limit themselves to removing the top 5–7 cm of soil and replacing it with fresh substrate.

There is nothing complicated about the transplant itself:

The mango is removed from the container along with a lump of earth. This will be easier to do if you water it thoroughly about half an hour beforehand.
The new pot is filled with soil about a third, not forgetting the drainage layer at the bottom.
The tree is transferred to another container and covered with soil. Its base should be flush with the soil surface or slightly lower. There is no need to compact the soil too much; mango prefers a loose substrate.
Then the plant is watered moderately and transferred to partial shade for 3–5 days or otherwise protected from direct sunlight.

The mango tree is replanted as it grows; for adult plants, the top layer of soil is only changed

If the mango is provided with optimal conditions, the plant does not need particularly careful care. The most important thing for him is that there is enough light. When it is deficient, the tree weakens, its immunity decreases, and it becomes more susceptible to attacks by pathogens and pests.

Watering

Mango is a moisture-loving plant, but if you over-water it, the roots can rot. Therefore, the soil must be constantly kept slightly moist. Young trees under five years of age are especially sensitive to drying out. Their leaves immediately droop and begin to fall.

If the leaves of a young mango tree begin to dry out and fall off, the number of waterings should be increased.

Immediately after flowering, if fruits have set, watering is reduced to the minimum required. In the previous mode, it resumes only after the harvest. Usually once every 3-5 days is enough, but it depends on how warm it is outside. In extreme heat, daily watering may be required.

Use water only at room temperature and left to sit for at least a day. Mangoes are sprayed with it daily or at least once every 2-3 days. The plant prefers high (70% or more) air humidity, as in its native tropics. Special humidifier devices, wet moss, expanded clay, coconut fiber placed in the tray of the pot, as well as containers with cool water placed around the room or the company of other plants will help to provide it.

Top dressing

Mangoes definitely need fertilizers, but you shouldn’t be overzealous with them. Their excess in the soil provokes salinization, which, in turn, inhibits the development of the tree.

You can use both mineral and organic fertilizers. In the spring, before flowering, it is advisable to water the tree once every 12–15 days with a solution of complex fertilizer for citrus or palm trees or vermicompost. They contain enough nitrogen, which stimulates plants to actively form green mass.

After flowering, it is better to use organic fertilizers at the same frequency. An infusion of manure, bird droppings, nettle or dandelion leaves works well. Prepare it for 3–5 days in a container with a tightly closed lid; before use, dilute it with water in a ratio of 1:10 or 1:15 (if it is droppings). In mid-autumn, feeding is stopped.

The mango tree can be fed with any fertilizer for citrus fruits.

In addition to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, mango also needs other microelements. Therefore, 2–3 times per season, its leaves are sprayed with a solution of boric acid, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate (1–2 g per liter of water).

Tree pruning

Mango trees vary in size in nature. Therefore, trimming it is an absolutely necessary procedure, otherwise it simply will not fit into most modern apartments. As a rule, its height is limited to 1.5–2 m, but experienced gardeners even manage to form bonsai from mangoes.

Mangoes at home need to be trimmed; experienced gardeners even form bonsai from the tree

The crown of a mango, as a rule, is not too thick; it takes on a beautiful symmetrical shape with almost no effort on the part of the grower. You just need to remember that the fruits ripen at the ends of the branches, and cut off thin, deformed shoots that are growing downward or clearly stick out beyond the contours of the chosen configuration. They are cut off almost to the growth point, leaving “stumps” of 2–3 cm. At the same time, this will help thin out the crown if it is too thick near the trunk. Mango tolerates pruning well and recovers quickly after it. The best time for the procedure is autumn, 2–3 weeks after harvest (if there was one).

Methods of culture propagation

There is nothing difficult about growing a new mango. As a rule, seeds are used for this. Most likely, such plants will not bear fruit, especially if they are varietal mangoes bred through selective breeding, but then it will be possible to graft a cutting or bud from a fruit-bearing tree onto them.

Seeds for growing mangoes are best taken from large, slightly overripe fruits.

Growing mangoes from seeds

The harvest from mangoes grown from seeds will have to wait quite a long time. As practice shows, even if the fruits on such trees ripen, they are small and not very tasty.

It is best to take seeds from large ripe (preferably even slightly overripe) fruits. It is advisable that the fruit be picked from a tree and not bought in a store. The seeds are thoroughly cleaned of pulp and inspected for cracks and other damage. If none are found, the seed must be planted within 2–3 days until the seed dries out.

When this is not possible, they must be placed in a container filled with wet peat, sand or sawdust. In this form they remain viable for up to two months. The best time to plant seeds is early summer.

The seeds are soaked for several hours in a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate or any fungicide of biological origin for disinfection. Then, using a sharp knife, open the outer shell and remove the core. If the fruit was ripe enough, this will be quite easy to do. During the process you need to be as careful as possible so as not to damage the seed. The embryos should be white and smooth. Only in this case can we hope that they will germinate.
Open the mango seed with a sharp knife, being very careful not to damage the seed.
Seeds are placed in moist sphagnum moss or coconut fiber for germination. You can also use water at room temperature, but you will have to change it 2-3 times a day. The process usually takes 15–25 days. Some gardeners do not recommend removing the outer shell from the seed. But practice shows that this does not particularly affect germination.
Sprout the mango seed in water at room temperature or in a suitable moist substrate
Sprouted seeds are planted in small-diameter but deep pots filled with a mixture of fertile turf, humus and sand (2:2:1). A drainage layer is required at the bottom. The seeds must be completely covered with soil. The optimal temperature for them is 22–25ºС. It also requires at least 12–14 hours of daylight. To create a greenhouse effect, the containers are covered with glass or polyethylene, removing it daily for 5–10 minutes for ventilation.
As soon as the mango seeds sprout, the greenhouse shelter is removed
Shoots appear in 6–8 weeks. In the first six months, seedlings develop slowly, but then they begin to grow very actively. Further care for them consists of regular watering (the soil should always be slightly moist) and the application of fertilizers, mainly nitrogen-containing ones.
In the first six months, mango seedlings do not demonstrate a high growth rate, but then they begin to actively develop
Once every 2-3 weeks, mangoes are watered with a 2-3% solution of urea, ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate. They need to be alternated with potassium humate, vermicompost, Epin. Growing trees are replanted annually using soil of the same composition.

Video: mango from seed

Mango grafting

Grafting is a method of propagation that is guaranteed to preserve all the varietal characteristics of the fruit characteristic of the donor plant. Grafted mangoes begin to bear fruit after 2–3 years. Until this time, it is better to remove the flowers on them so that the tree can form a developed crown.

Grafting is carried out in the second year of life, when the trunks of mango seedlings grown from seeds reach approximately the diameter of a pencil. The best time for the procedure is mid or late summer.

Grafting with cuttings

You can graft both a cutting (the tip of a shoot 10–15 cm long) and a separate growth bud (the so-called budding). In the first case, the top of the rootstock and the base of the cutting are cut at an angle, the cuts are combined and the entire structure is fixed with adhesive tape, electrical tape or a special grafting tape. You can also insert a rootstock cutting into a split in the scion.

Cuttings from fruit-bearing mango trees are grafted onto seedlings grown from seeds

Budding

For budding, you will need a growth bud, cut from a fruiting tree along with a “shield” of surrounding tissues about 2 mm thick and 1–2 cm in diameter. Cut it with a disinfected scalpel or razor blade, trying to touch it as little as possible in the process. Then the resulting “shield” is inserted into an X- or T-shaped cut on the bark of the rootstock seedling, wrapping the grafting site with polyethylene so that the bud itself remains outside.

For budding, take a growth bud from a fruiting tree, cut together with a shield of surrounding tissue about 2 mm thick.

The grafted seedling is covered with a plastic bag, with several holes made in it for ventilation, and transferred to the brightest and warmest place in the apartment. Leaves and shoots below the grafting site are removed only when it becomes clear that the procedure was successful.

Diseases, pests and their control

Mango, like other fruit plants, can be susceptible to diseases and pest attacks.

Mango diseases

Mangoes do not have any specific diseases brought from their historical homeland, but the plant can be affected by a number of fungal diseases.

Most often, the fungus attacks plants with weakened immune systems, penetrating into tissues through the slightest mechanical damage. Rapidly growing brick-colored spots with a yellowish border appear on the leaves; depressed brownish ulcers with a purple rim appear on the trunk and shoots, gradually changing color to brown. At low humidity, their surface cracks, at high humidity it turns black and rots.

To combat anthracnose, as well as other fungal diseases, use copper-containing preparations - fungicides

For prevention, Fitosporin-M, Trichodermin, and Gamair are added to irrigation water once a month. The soil is dusted with crushed chalk or activated carbon. Having discovered characteristic symptoms, use any fungicides - Cuprozan, Oxychom, Previkur, Skor, Acrobat-MC and so on. 2-3 treatments with an interval of 15-18 days should be enough.

The edges of the leaves darken and the surface wrinkles. They turn black, but do not fall off. Dark brown rings are visible on the cut shoots.

Plant leaves affected by bacteriosis darken and wrinkle

For prevention, before planting, seeds are pickled for 10–15 minutes in a solution of Planriz, Fitolavin, Agata-25K. Having discovered a disease, you need to immediately cut off all even minimally affected leaves and shoots, capturing 5–7 cm of healthy-looking tissue. Sections are disinfected with a 2% solution of copper sulfate. Irrigation water is replaced for a month with a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate. Alirin-B and Trichodermin granules are added to the soil.

The leaves are covered with a layer of grayish-white coating, similar to spilled flour. Gradually it darkens and thickens, and drops of cloudy liquid begin to ooze from the affected tissues. The shoots become deformed and thicken. As a rule, the infection spreads from the lowest leaves. The fruits may also suffer - they crack and rot.

Powdery mildew seems like a harmless coating that can be easily wiped off, but in fact it is a dangerous disease that can affect not only leaves, but also fruits

For prevention, mangoes are sprayed with a solution of any fungicide of biological origin (Planriz, Fitosporin-M, Alirin-B) once every 2-3 weeks. You can also use folk remedies - an infusion of wood ash, a solution of soda ash, kefir diluted with water or whey with the addition of iodine (10 drops per 10 liters). To combat powdery mildew, the drugs Bayleton, Tiovit-Jet, Topaz, Topsin-M are used.

Mango pests

In addition to fungal diseases, pests that feed on plant juices pose a danger to mangoes.

The tips of the shoots, young leaves, and inflorescences are intertwined with thin translucent threads reminiscent of a cobweb. Multiple small beige dots appear on them, and gradually the affected tissues become discolored and dry.

Spider mites are not insects, so special preparations - acaricides - are used to combat them.

Since the spread of pests is facilitated by heat and high humidity, if the mites have not yet had time to breed, you can get rid of them by daily spraying the tree and the surrounding air with clean water. Folk remedies (infusion of onion and garlic pulp, decoction of cyclamen tubers) can only be used for prevention.

To combat the pest, special preparations are used - acaricides (Apollo, Neoron, Omite, Vertimek). It will take 3-4 treatments, and the product needs to be changed each time. The pest quickly develops immunity. The intervals between procedures (5–12 days) depend on the weather outside. The hotter it is, the more often you need to spray the mango.

Small brownish or beige oval-shaped growths appear on the underside of the leaves and on the shoots. Gradually they swell, the surrounding tissues acquire a reddish-yellow hue. In especially severe cases, the soil in the pot turns black.

It is useless to fight scale insects with folk remedies - the pest is reliably protected by a durable shell

Visible scale insects are removed manually, after lubricating their shells with kerosene, turpentine, and machine oil. Then the tree is given a shower and treated with Actellik, Fosbecid, Fufanon. Folk remedies against scale insects are ineffective - the pest is reliably protected by a durable shell. For prevention, mango leaves are wiped once a week with a soft cloth soaked in vodka and sprayed with infusion of onion, garlic, and hot red pepper.

Aphid

Small yellow-green or black-brown insects cling to the tops of shoots, young leaves, and buds. At the same time, the appearance of a transparent sticky coating is noted. The aphids feed on the sap of the plant, the affected tissues turn yellow, the leaves dry out and fall off.

Aphids are one of the most omnivorous pests of indoor plants; despite the poisonous juice, they will not disdain mango leaves either.

Effective prevention of aphids is infusions of any herbs with a pungent odor. As raw materials you can use wormwood, tansy, tomato and potato tops, calendula, lavender, as well as onions, garlic, lemon peel, tobacco and so on. They will also help get rid of aphids if they have not yet multiplied en masse. In this case, the frequency of treatments will have to be increased from once a week to 3-4 times a day. If there is no effect, use any general insecticides - Inta-Vir, Mospilan, Tanrek, Iskra-Bio, Confidor-Maxi and so on.

Thrips

The front side of the sheet is covered with thin silvery strokes, the reverse side is covered with vague yellowish spots. You can also see small black “sticks” - these are the pests themselves.

To combat thrips, drugs such as Bankol, Aktaru, Tanrek, Fitoverm are used

For prevention, folk remedies are used - infusion of chamomile, calendula, and tobacco leaves. To get rid of thrips, use Bankol, Aktaru, Tanrek, Fitoverm.

Orange and lemon trees on the windowsill will no longer surprise anyone. Therefore, amateur flower growers are successfully “domesticating” more and more new exotic crops. Among them is mango, the cultivation of which is not particularly difficult. If you first study all the requirements that it places on the environment, you can even get a harvest.

Mango is a tropical evergreen tree that, under favorable conditions, can grow into a real giant, so many amateur gardeners are fascinated by the thought of growing this “miracle” at home. This idea can be brought to life only if all the subtleties of planting and caring for mangoes are followed. Today you will learn all about the features of growing mangoes from seeds at home (detailed photo instructions are attached).

The subtleties of planting mangoes

To quickly grow a healthy and strong plant from a mango seed, you should only use the freshly extracted core. If you do not have this opportunity, try to protect the sensitive mango seed and store it in proper conditions until planting. A small container filled with wet sawdust is a great place to store the pit. Also prepare a suitable container for planting: for these purposes, use a small plastic glass, in which you should first make a small drainage hole.

Advice. For planting, it is best to take an overripe mango seed: if you use the seed of an unripe fruit as planting material, the likelihood that it will germinate will be minimal.

Once the preliminary preparations are completed, you can proceed directly to the planting process. But before this, you should peel the seed: this will significantly increase the chances of its germination. To perform the procedure, it is better to use a knife, but you should act very carefully so as not to get hurt. Immediately after extraction, the seed is treated with a fungicide solution to protect it from pests, which consider the seed to be an extremely tasty morsel.

The time for planting the seed must be chosen correctly: in the tropics, mangoes are planted during the rainy season (early summer), respectively, and in our climate the plant will grow well when planted in June. Before sowing the seed, determine the location of the root and place it in the soil substrate so that the root is at the bottom. At the same time, you should not bury the mango seed completely (at least 1/4 should remain on the surface). Immediately after planting, slightly moisten the seed and soil with a spray bottle, then cover the container with a lid to create a greenhouse effect.

When a young sprout begins to peek out of the soil, you must immediately remove the lid, and when it gets stronger, immediately transplant it into a larger container.

Advice. Although mango is not a poisonous plant, those with small children in the family should be extremely careful: if you try the leaves of the tree (and children can do this), the health consequences can be extremely unpleasant.

Caring for a plant at home

If you want to grow mangoes at home, be prepared for the fact that this plant is very whimsical and often likes to act up whenever the conditions do not meet the requirements. So, you should take the following measures to care for the plant:

Attention. When grown indoors (including at home), mango will grow as an ornamental tropical tree, but you should not expect it to bloom and bear fruit, since in such conditions the plant is not able to form a sufficiently powerful root system.

It is worth noting the fact that although mango cannot be called an unpretentious plant, large financial costs are not required to grow it. The plant can cause you trouble only because of the need for comprehensive and frequent care. And so, any amateur gardener can easily afford to grow a whole greenhouse of mango trees.

One small feature of the mango tree is worth noting: in some cases, its leaves can change their color from traditional green to an unusual reddish color. But don’t worry about this: after a while the normal color will return.

That's all you need to know about the features of growing mangoes at home. As you can see, this process is not very complicated, and the result is impressive. Good luck!

Growing mangoes at home: video

Mango is a delicious tropical fruit that is loved by the people of Russia. Depending on the variety, the fruit tastes like a combination of tender peach, juicy carrots, sugary pineapple and fragrant strawberries. And the pleasant pine smell emphasizes the rich taste.

Almost every housewife, peeling an orange overseas fruit, thought about growing mangoes from seeds. To implement this idea will require a lot of time and patience. But all efforts will not be in vain. An amazing mango tree grown at home from a seed will become a luxurious decoration for your home.

How mango grows in nature

From its historical homeland of India, the mango tree has settled in the countries of South and East Asia, East Africa and the state of California. The heat-loving plant is terrified of lower temperatures and may die at +5 degrees Celsius.

The mango tree is a beautiful plant with spreading branches and large green leaves. Under natural conditions, it reaches up to 20 meters in height, overgrown with a wide, rounded crown. The roots of the tree go into the ground to a depth of more than 5 meters, which provides constant access to moisture and nutrients. During the flowering period, numerous delicate flowers appear on the branches. After they fall off, thread-like panicles remain on the branches, in place of which 2 or more fruits grow. Mango is a true long-liver; the plant can grow and bear fruit for 300 years.

The fruits reach sizes from 5 to 22 cm in length and take on a wide variety of shapes (flattened, ovoid or curved). The peel has a persistent green or yellow color and a spreading red tint on the sunny side. The weight of the fruit depends on the variety and ranges from 250 to 750 grams. As they ripen, the fruits hang slightly on the long branches of the predecessor flowers. It seems that the fruits are suspended on a thread and decorate the tree. Under the dense elastic peel lies a bright orange pulp, carefully preserving the large seed.

How to grow mangoes from seeds at home

There are two ways to grow a mango tree at home.

The first and simplest one is to buy a ready-made seedling from a nursery. The purchased plant must be transplanted into the soil and provided with suitable care conditions.

The second method is to germinate the seed, for which, first of all, you need to buy good fruit in the store. Based only on the color of the mango, it will be difficult to determine its ripeness. The green and even color of the peel can hide a no less ripe fruit than the yellow or red shell.

When choosing a fruit, press lightly on it. Perceptible elasticity without excessive hardness or deformation is the most important indicator of ripeness. Carefully inspect the tropical fruit - the skin should be intact, slightly shiny and without spots.

The ripe fruit has a sweet aroma with a slight odor of turpentine. The smell of alcohol, on the contrary, indicates that the fruit is overripe and fermentation processes have begun. When peeling, the pulp of a ripe mango is easily separated from the massive seed, “overgrown” with fruit fibers.

Before sprouting a mango seed, it must be removed from the fruit. Cut the fruit in half and, using a knife, remove the pulp from the kernel. Afterwards, rinse the seed thoroughly under running water.

To speed up the appearance of sprouts, it is necessary to free the mango seeds from the stone, which resembles a mollusk. To do this, carefully open the seed and remove the contents, which look like large beans.

If the shell is too hard, there is no need to try to break it - the risk of injuring the sprouts is very high. Place the inaccessible, strong bone for several weeks in a transparent container and cover with water. Provide the future plant with maximum warmth and sunlight, do not forget to change the water every few days. After a couple of weeks, as soon as the seed swells, open it from the side and remove the seed.

In the future, a new plant will appear from the sprouted seed, so pay special attention to this stage.

An alternative system for home germination is a container with wet sawdust in which the seed extracted from the seed is placed.

After 2-3 weeks, immediately after the first embryos appear, you can proceed to transplanting into a pot.

How to plant mango

You can immediately plant a mango seed in the ground, treating it with growth stimulants, but this method is considered less effective. The thing is that the seed protects and preserves the seeds to give life to a new plant. New climatic conditions may not suit the protective pit. Therefore, if you immediately plant it in the soil, there is no guarantee that the new plant will begin to grow.

At this stage, as in the previous one, preparation is extremely important. Before planting the seed, prepare the necessary container and soil.

Under natural conditions, the plant deepens its root system by meters, so immediately select a spacious pot so as not to limit growth. Frequent replanting can harm and destroy a tropical tree.

Place drainage from pebbles at the bottom of the pot, in a layer of 5-6 cm. This will ensure root respiration and protect the plant from stagnation of water and rotting.
Fill the pot 2/3 full with substrate. Mango soil should be light and maintain a neutral pH level. A universal soil is suitable, the acidity of which can be determined using a special device or paper indicators.
Make a small hole and plant the seed, embryo down, 3/4 of the way into the ground. If the embryo does not appear after germination, or you are planting the seed without preliminary preparation, place it with the flat side down.
Mango is a heat-loving plant and requires certain climatic conditions.
Immediately after planting, spray the seed with a spray bottle and cover with a dome-shaped lid, clear container, or part of a plastic bottle.
Check the plant periodically, water and ventilate the air in the pot to avoid rotting and death.
Place the plant in a warm, well-lit area, but avoid direct sunlight. Excess sun is no less dangerous than excessive moisture.
After 2-3 weeks, the first mango sprout will appear and the greenhouse protection can be removed. Don't worry if the leaf color is different. Purple and green leaves are one of the features of the plant.

Many people give up the idea of growing mangoes at home because of the demanding nature of this plant. If you are extremely attentive and careful, caring for mangoes at home will consist of timely watering, access to light, fertilizing and timely replanting.

Lighting

Direct sunlight is the only thing that does not harm the tree. So don't be afraid to place it on a lit windowsill. But you should avoid dark places, as the plant will begin to shed its leaves and may die.

In winter, to extend daylight hours to the required 12 hours, you need to illuminate the mango with a fluorescent lamp.

Air temperature

To grow a healthy and beautiful tree, remember that mango is afraid of any climate change. Optimum temperature +21 +26 degrees. Therefore, it is not recommended to take it out onto the balcony or into the garden even in the warm summer. Sudden rain, sudden changes in air temperature and wind are dangerous for the fastidious plant.

Air humidity and watering mangoes

The plant absolutely does not tolerate dry soil; water the fruit at least 2 times a week. Don't overdo it, too much moisture is just as destructive as too little. Use only settled water at room temperature.

Dry air is also unacceptable for a tropical guest. Periodically moisten the leaves of the plant with a spray bottle, maintaining an optimal humidity level (70-80%). Use a human technical achievement - an air humidifier, or surround the pot with containers of water.

Fertilizer

Simply growing a mango from a seed is not enough; the plant needs to be fed regularly. Tender mango will benefit only from natural, organic fertilizers and stimulants. To ensure proper growth, add humus to the pot with the tree. To do this, make a small circular depression around the trunk, place fertilizer there and sprinkle a small layer of soil on top.

Once a month, feed mangoes with fertilizers containing minerals and increased amounts of nitrogen. This will preserve green foliage.

Pruning and crown formation

In nature, mango grows high up, and the domestic specimen is not inferior to its tropical parent. If you do not plan to set up a greenhouse at home, regularly care for the crown of the tree.

When the 8th leaf appears on the seedling, pinch the top. Once the seed tree reaches 1.5 meters in height, begin to form a crown. This usually happens a year after planting. It is better to prune the plant in the spring, leaving 5 powerful branches. The places where branches are cut must be treated with garden varnish.

Mango transplant

If you initially planted the tree in a small pot, do not rush to move it immediately after sprouts appear. Come back to this question in about a year. Mango is a rather capricious plant, sensitive to any changes.

To grow a mango, you need to provide space for the roots to develop. After the first year, renew the pot, simultaneously increasing the height and depth of the container. As soon as the tree reaches the age of 3-5 years, this procedure is carried out no more than once every 3 years.

Even if you take good care of the tree, properly water it, light it and feed it with useful substances, it is extremely difficult to grow fruits at home.

It is possible that at the 6th year of life, a plant grown from a seed will begin to bloom, and after 3 months it will bear its first tropical fruits. But most often, in order to get fruit, a bud from a fruit-bearing specimen from a nursery is grafted onto a homemade mango. 2 years after grafting, the flowering period will begin and the tree will begin to bear sweet fruits.

Winter imposes certain restrictions on a person, which also apply to the range of products available to us. First of all, we are deprived of the opportunity to provide our body with the necessary amount of vitamins, since most fruits do not grow in winter.

Many people solve this problem by including citrus fruits in their diet. However, in order not to experience vitamin deficiency, it is not necessary to go to the store for mangoes. After all, his can be grown at home. Mango is one of the favorite foods of most people in our country. However, its cultivation in our climate is problematic, since this fruit feels good only in the tropics.

How to grow mangoes from seeds at home?

Many people give up on the idea of growing mangoes at home because they don’t know how to approach this matter. However, if you take into account the following simple tips, then you will probably be able to grow delicious mangoes in your apartment. The cultivation of this tropical plant begins with planting. To do this, we need a seed, which can be obtained from an overripe mango. It is best to use ripe fruit, since a seed removed from an unripe one may not sprout.

To increase the likelihood that the seed will germinate, it is recommended to plant it immediately after removing it from the fruit. If this option is not available to you, then you can suggest the following scheme. She will need container filled with slightly damp sawdust, in which you need to put a bone. You can also use a bag of water instead of sawdust.

However, you should not keep the bone in the bag for longer than necessary. Otherwise, you will achieve the opposite effect, and then a young mango seedling will not appear from it.

Today, there are several ways to grow mangoes at home. However, in any case The first step is planting. To get started, you need to acquire the necessary materials.

In addition to the above-mentioned bone, you must have a suitable soil mixture and a knife. Particular attention should be paid to the quality of the soil, since the success of growing mangoes largely depends on it. It is best if you plant the seed in a soil substrate purchased in a specialized flower department;
You will also have to prepare a container of suitable size in which you will plant the seed. It is best to use a regular glass for these purposes. However, before filling the container with substrate, you will have to make a drainage hole in it if it does not have one;
you also need to find a lid for the glass. To save yourself the hassle of searching, you can adapt a yogurt glass for these purposes.

How to plant mangoes correctly?

When everything necessary for planting is ready, you can begin. First of all you will need remove the pit from the fruit.

Once you have found all the necessary materials for planting, you can begin. Take a seed and start shell it. The easiest way to do this is with a knife. However, you need to be very careful here, since there is a high risk of injury to yourself.

Preparing for sowing

The seed must be separated from the shell, since without it the seed will have an increased chance of successful germination. Peeling the seed is not so easy as it will take time. To grow mangoes at home, you will need a glass with a lid, which will help create conditions that are as close to natural as possible. For mangoes, you definitely need to create high humidity.

After removing the seed from the shell, it must be treated with a pest control agent. Do not underestimate the importance of this operation, since without treatment there is a high probability that pests will not allow the seed to sprout.

Before sowing the seed, you need to determine where the root is and mark this place so that it is located in the recess with its lower part. It should also be borne in mind that when planting, the mango seed is not completely buried;
It is recommended to plant it in such a way that 1/4 of the seed remains on the surface;
After planting the seed in the ground, you need to lightly spray it with water, and then close the container with a lid. This way you can maintain greenhouse conditions in the glass, similar to the greenhouse effect;
the seed should remain covered until it germinates.

Conditions for favorable growth

Mango requires a lot of attention not only during the care process, but also at the planting stage. Otherwise there is a risk of not waiting for its germination. You also need to be careful after the sprout appears from the seed. Mango is a fastidious crop, so even at this stage of development it needs careful care.

The mango itself valued not only for its tasty pulp, but is also of interest due to the decorative nature of its flowers. It is no less pleasant to watch how the mango grows. Therefore, if you provide the necessary conditions for growth, you will have a beautiful decoration in your apartment.

Mango care at home

To wait for the first mango flowers to appear, you will have to be patient as it will happen no earlier than 6 years. You should know that a mango tree grown from a seed does not always begin to bear fruit. However, you can be sure that you will be able to enjoy its beautiful flowers. They will definitely make you happy, because when the time comes, the plant will have red or yellow flowers. For this reason, many gardeners grow mango trees for decorative purposes. However, immediately prepare for the fact that growing mangoes indoors will require a lot of time and effort from you. This tree is very sensitive to growing conditions, so you will have to pay enough attention to it every day.

In financial terms, caring for a mango tree is not burdensome; it will cause you trouble only because it will require a lot of time to carry out basic activities. If you wish, you can grow a whole greenhouse of mango trees. At a certain stage of development, leaves may change your usual color to reddish. However, there is no need to worry about this. This happens with all trees. You will have to wait a while, and they will return to their usual shade.

Safety

If you decide to grow a mango tree at home, you can be sure that it will cause allergies for one of your family members. Experience shows that in very rare cases this plant becomes the culprit for a deterioration in a person’s well-being.

People who have small children especially need to be careful when growing mangoes at home. Out of curiosity, they may try plant leaves, but this may be unsafe for health. Otherwise, mango is an excellent indoor plant that can add newness to your interior and create a healthier atmosphere in your home. When choosing a place to grow mangoes, it is not recommended to place it in a corner. There it will grow very poorly and will eventually dry out.

Conclusion

Mango is one of the most famous exotic fruits in our country, which everyone has probably tried. But at the same time, to enjoy the pulp of this fruit once again, you don’t have to go to the store. Any owner can taste mango grown with his own hands. Naturally here has its own characteristics, since mango is a tropical fruit, and therefore those who decide to plant it in an apartment will have to take very careful care of the plant. Moreover, care must be taken already at the stage of sowing the seed. After all, it depends on whether the seedling can germinate and how strong and healthy the tree will turn out to be.

Mango tree

Mango is a beautiful exotic plant with aromatic and tasty fruits. It is grown in India, Thailand, Pakistan, Mexico, USA, Spain and Australia. It can be found not only on plantations and gardens; the plant is also grown in containers by amateur gardeners. It is quite possible to get a mango tree at home by planting a ripe fruit seed. At the same time, the process is simple; even a novice gardener can handle planting. But it’s unrealistic to get mangoes to bear fruit indoors; they need special conditions and pollinators.

Preparing mango seeds for planting

To prepare a mango seed for planting, you will need the following:

ripe fruit;
dull knife;
paper towel;
plastic bag with zip fastener;
plastic container with lid.

Step-by-step master class on preparing mango pits for planting

Planting a Sprouted Mango Seed

Mango seedlings are very vulnerable in the early stages, so it is better to plant the seeds immediately in a permanent place in a pot.

To carry out the procedure you will need:

light and loose soil;
drainage;
flower pot;
scoop;
water.

To plant mangoes, you need gardening tools, drainage and light, loose soil.

Soil for mango

The substrate for planting the king of fruits (as mango is popularly called) should be light. You can use a mixture for succulents with the addition of small pebbles or expanded clay, or universal soil mixed with sand 2:1.

Steps to plant a sprouted mango seed

Video: how to grow mangoes from seeds

Caring for a mango tree at home

Germinating a mango seed and getting a seedling to appear is only half the battle. In order for a plant to grow and develop well, it needs to create certain conditions. Mangoes should be placed on the sunniest windowsill, and in summer they should be taken out onto the balcony. The plant loves direct sunlight and warmth.

Watering and fertilizing

Mango grown indoors loves moisture. The plant needs regular watering, which should be done as soon as the top layer of soil in the pot dries. To prevent moisture from evaporating longer, the soil can be mulched with humus or rotted sawdust.

Please note that although mango is moisture-loving, the plant does not tolerate stagnant water.

Three months after planting the seed in a pot, you can get real small trees

Mangoes need organic feeding. It will be enough to add humus twice a year. To do this, make a small groove along the edge of the pot, pour humus into it and pour regular soil on top. This will provide the plant with everything it needs for excellent growth.

Formation of mango crown

Mango responds very well to pruning and quickly restores its crown. The procedure is carried out when the mango tree grown in the room reaches 1.5 m in height. Pruning is done 1-2 times a year to maintain a beautiful shape and regulate the size of the plant.

Mango at home has an attractive appearance

There are no special rules for the procedure. All branches that thicken the crown are cut out and the central one is shortened to the desired size. You can also give the mango crown the desired look by forming it in the form of a ball, a pyramid or a picturesque spreading bush.

Video: how to grow a mango tree at home

When growing mangoes at home, do not expect them to bloom and bear fruit. Even if it is possible to provide all the necessary conditions for a tropical plant, providing it with a warm, humid and sunny place, the mango will not be able to develop a powerful root system characteristic of the crop. But even if you cannot get tasty fruits, mango will be a wonderful decoration for your home; the plant, exotic for our latitudes, has a very attractive appearance.

What does a mango look like?

In nature, a mango tree can grow up to 40 m in height

The mango tree grows quite quickly, but you have to wait 10–15 years for fruiting. But its productive period is 250–300 years.

Mango plantations exist in many countries with tropical climates

Mango tree can bear fruit for 300 years

Young mango leaves are colored in different shades of reddish-yellow and pinkish - this is the norm for the plant.

Mango blooms very profusely; one inflorescence can contain up to a thousand flowers.

Video: what a mango tree looks like

Description of fruits

The appearance and size of mango fruit depends on the plant variety

Mango pulp is very juicy and incredibly tasty, has a unique aroma

“Natural” mango fruits do not smell very pleasant. The smell evokes associations with mold, rot, even rotten meat. Many people even develop allergies to this “aroma”. This is explained by the fact that in nature, mangoes are most often pollinated by bats. They spread its seeds. But fortunately, the vast majority of modern varieties bred by breeders are devoid of this unpleasant feature.

Beneficial properties of mango

Even small mango trees grown at home can produce a bountiful harvest.

Video: health benefits of mango

Common varieties

There are about 40 varieties of mango in nature. More than a thousand have been bred by breeders. They differ greatly in skin color, size and shape of the fruit. The most common types are:

Alphonso variety is one of the most common varieties and is considered practically the standard of taste. The pulp is creamy, melts in the mouth, very sweet, with a light saffron aroma. At the same time, the skin is hard, which ensures good transportability. The average weight of one fruit is 200–300 g;
Alphonso mango is one of the most widespread varieties in the world; it is highly valued for its taste.
the Kesar variety has rather inconspicuous fruits - round, small (about 150 g), with dull skin covered with yellowish spots. But the taste is simply magnificent, sweet, with a subtle sourness. The consistency of the pulp resembles an apricot and is very aromatic;
Kesar mango does not look very presentable, but this does not affect the taste in any way
Banganapalli has elongated fruits weighing 350–400 g, shaped like potatoes. The skin is quite thin, greenish-yellow. The pulp is not too juicy, but sweet and without fiber;
Mango variety Banganapalli has fairly large fruits that resemble potatoes in shape.
Kent is one of the best achievements of US breeders, grown mainly in Florida and Miami. It is valued not only for its good transportability, long shelf life, high yield and disease resistance. The salad-green fruits with a reddish blush have an amazing taste. There are practically no fibers in the pulp. The fruiting period is long, stretches throughout the summer;
Kent mangoes are well stored and transported, have high yields and disease resistance
The Sindhri variety is distributed mainly in Pakistan and has become the national symbol of this state. The fruits are irregular in shape, slightly crooked. The pulp is very sweet and soft, with a noticeable honey flavor. The skin is thin, so the fruits are stored for a maximum of 2–3 days;
Sindhri mango is one of the national symbols of Pakistan.
Neelam is one of the most popular varieties in India. It has high productivity. Fruits weighing up to 200 g. Seeds are very small. The pulp is juicy and has a distinct floral aroma;
Neelam variety mango has small fruits weighing up to 200 g
Gulab Khas has medium sized fruits (180–200 g). The pulp is of an unusual reddish hue with the aroma of roses. The skin is pale yellow. In Southeast Asia, desserts are most often prepared from this mango;
Gulab Khas mangoes are most often used in desserts in their homeland.
The Kaen Oan variety has elongated, narrow fruits that grow in clusters. The skin is thin, orange-pink. The average weight of a mango is 250 g. The taste is moderately sweet, not cloying, the flesh is quite dense. Unlike most varieties, it ripens in mid or late autumn;

Kaen Oan mangoes grow in clusters and ripen in mid to late autumn.
Pimsean is a fairly rare variety, even in its homeland. The fruits have an almost regular round shape and appear swollen. The skin is rich green with vague pinkish spots. The pulp is dark orange, very juicy and sweet. The average fruit weight is 400–450 g;
Pimsean mangoes have sweet, dark orange flesh.
the Gaew Lek variety has fruits weighing no more than 100 g, but this does not affect the taste in any way. The skin is soft, lime-colored. The pulp is pale yellow. The variety is especially popular in Thailand;
Mango variety Gaew Lek has quite small but very tasty fruits
Keo Sa Woei. The fruits are dark green in color, with a yellow spot at the base. The flesh is bright orange and very soft. The skin is thin, so they are practically not stored; they can even ferment directly on the tree;
In mango variety Keo Sa Woei, even ripe fruits remain green
Nam Doc Mai is one of the most common mango varieties that successfully takes root and bears fruit not only in the tropics. The fruits are elongated, tapering towards the base, weight varies greatly (150–600 g). Ripe mangoes are very sweet, but unripe ones are also eaten - they also have a pleasant sweet and sour taste. The skin is bright yellow;

Nam Doc Mai mangoes are grown not only in the tropics, but also in regions with less suitable climates for the crop.
Nang Klang Wan has elongated fruits and greenish-yellow skin. The pulp has obvious fibers and is sour;
Nang Klang Wan mango has a very different taste from most other varieties.
Chok Anan is one of the favorite varieties in Thailand. The shape of the fruit is similar to a comma or cashew nut. The skin is pale yellow, the flesh is the same color with a noticeable honey flavor. At home it brings a harvest twice a year;

Mango fruits of the Chok Anan variety have a noticeable honey flavor
Brahm Kai Mia. The average weight of the fruit is 200–250 g. The skin is dark green. The pulp is slightly crispy, yellow, with a pronounced sourness. The taste is very pleasant, refreshing;
Mango fruits of the Brahm Kai Mia variety have crispy flesh with a pronounced sourness
Kyo Savoy has large fruits (300–500 g) with an almost regular oval shape. The skin is greenish-yellow with pink spots. The pulp is dense, but very juicy and sweet, not fibrous, with a lemon aroma. The fruits tolerate transportation well and can be stored for a long time;
Kyo Savoy mango is valued for its good shelf life and transportability.
Bayley's Marvel is one of the most frost-resistant varieties and can be grown even in Russia, in regions with a subtropical climate. The tree is distinguished by its growth rate, the crown is symmetrical and rounded. Fruits weighing up to 300 g, bright yellow with a pinkish-orange “blush”. The pulp is not fibrous, very juicy, sweet, slightly tart;
Bayley’s Marvel mango is a variety that successfully takes root and bears fruit even in Russia
Beverly is one of the new products in the selection, but is already considered almost a standard in taste. The fruits weigh 200–250 g, the skin is greenish with a yellow spot at the base. Its appearance indicates that the mango is fully ripe. The pulp is dark orange. Productivity is high, fruiting lasts for several months;
Beverly mango is one of the latest and very successful achievements of breeders
Carrie variety. The tree is not tall, with a very dense crown. The skin is yellow and thin. The pulp is very aromatic, completely fiber-free. The average weight of the fetus is 180–200 g;

The Carrie mango variety is distinguished by the unusual density of the tree crown.
Haden is an old, established variety, bred in Florida at the beginning of the twentieth century. The fruits are large (about 400 g), apricot color with reddish spots. The pulp is bright orange, firm, but juicy, very aromatic. There are few fibers, mainly near the bone;
Haden mango is one of the oldest varieties that are still cultivated commercially.
Julie is one of the most popular dwarf varieties. The height of the tree, even under optimal conditions, does not exceed 2–3 m. The fruits weigh 200–250 g, slightly flattened, greenish-yellow with pinkish spots. The pulp is soft like cream and very tasty. Productivity increases if cross-pollination is possible;
Mango Julie is a dwarf variety well suited for growing at home
Mallika is an Indian variety, very popular among those who grow mangoes on an industrial scale. The fruits are bright yellow in color, weighing up to 300 g. The pulp is hard, but juicy and aromatic, with a honey flavor, orange. The tree is quite compact, suitable for growing at home;
Mallika mango has very juicy and aromatic pulp with a pronounced honey flavor
Springfels variety. The tree is not tall, and its growth rate does not differ. The fruits are greenish with yellow and pink spots. The pulp tastes like pineapple. The average weight of a mango is 150–180 g.
Springfels mango has a compact tree and is also slow growing.

How to plant mangoes correctly

When growing mangoes at home, you need to provide the plant with 14–16 hours of daylight.

The soil

The soil for growing mangoes should be acidic (pH 4.0–5.5), any store-bought substrate is suitable for plants that prefer similar soil

The mango tree has a powerful root system, so the pot for the plant must be massive and stable, with a thick bottom

The process of planting and replanting a plant

There is nothing complicated about the transplant itself:

The mango is removed from the container along with a lump of earth. This will be easier to do if you water it thoroughly about half an hour beforehand.
The new pot is filled with soil about a third, not forgetting the drainage layer at the bottom.
The tree is transferred to another container and covered with soil. Its base should be flush with the soil surface or slightly lower. There is no need to compact the soil too much; mango prefers a loose substrate.
Then the plant is watered moderately and transferred to partial shade for 3–5 days or otherwise protected from direct sunlight.

The mango tree is replanted as it grows; for adult plants, the top layer of soil is only changed

Watering

If the leaves of a young mango tree begin to dry out and fall off, the number of waterings should be increased.

Top dressing

Mangoes definitely need fertilizers, but you shouldn’t be overzealous with them. Their excess in the soil provokes salinization, which, in turn, inhibits the development of the tree.

The mango tree can be fed with any fertilizer for citrus fruits.

In addition to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, mango also needs other microelements. Therefore, 2–3 times per season, its leaves are sprayed with a solution of boric acid, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate (1–2 g per liter of water).

Tree pruning

Mangoes at home need to be trimmed; experienced gardeners even form bonsai from the tree

Methods of culture propagation

Seeds for growing mangoes are best taken from large, slightly overripe fruits.

Growing mangoes from seeds

The harvest from mangoes grown from seeds will have to wait quite a long time. As practice shows, even if the fruits on such trees ripen, they are small and not very tasty.

Video: mango from seed

Mango grafting

Grafting with cuttings

Cuttings from fruit-bearing mango trees are grafted onto seedlings grown from seeds

Budding

For budding, take a growth bud from a fruiting tree, cut together with a shield of surrounding tissue about 2 mm thick.

Diseases, pests and their control

Mango, like other fruit plants, can be susceptible to diseases and pest attacks.

Mango diseases

Mangoes do not have any specific diseases brought from their historical homeland, but the plant can be affected by a number of fungal diseases.

Anthracnose

To combat anthracnose, as well as other fungal diseases, use copper-containing preparations - fungicides

Bacteriosis

The edges of the leaves darken and the surface wrinkles. They turn black, but do not fall off. Dark brown rings are visible on the cut shoots.

Plant leaves affected by bacteriosis darken and wrinkle

Powdery mildew

Powdery mildew seems like a harmless coating that can be easily wiped off, but in fact it is a dangerous disease that can affect not only leaves, but also fruits

Mango pests

In addition to fungal diseases, pests that feed on plant juices pose a danger to mangoes.

Spider mite

Spider mites are not insects, so special preparations - acaricides - are used to combat them.

Shchitovka

It is useless to fight scale insects with folk remedies - the pest is reliably protected by a durable shell

Aphid

Aphids are one of the most omnivorous pests of indoor plants; despite the poisonous juice, they will not disdain mango leaves either.

Thrips

The front side of the sheet is covered with thin silvery strokes, the reverse side is covered with vague yellowish spots. You can also see small black “sticks” - these are the pests themselves.

To combat thrips, drugs such as Bankol, Aktaru, Tanrek, Fitoverm are used

For prevention, folk remedies are used - infusion of chamomile, calendula, and tobacco leaves. To get rid of thrips, use Bankol, Aktaru, Tanrek, Fitoverm.

27 years old, higher legal education, broad outlook and interest in a variety of topics.

Evgeniy Sedov

When your hands grow from the right place, life is more fun :)

Content

One of the popular exotic plants with tasty and aromatic fruits is mango, which is grown in countries such as Australia, Spain, USA, Mexico, Pakistan, Thailand, and India. You can find the plant not only in gardens and plantations, but also in containers of amateur gardeners. You can get a mango tree at home by planting a ripe fruit seed. You don't have to be a professional to do this, because... Even a beginner can handle the landing. It will not be possible to get a tree to bear fruit in a room; it needs special conditions and pollinators.

What is mango

This plant belongs to the mango genus of the Anacardiaceae family. The fruits have a fibrous structure and a sweet taste, the peel is yellow, green or red, and the flesh is orange or yellow. Mango tap root - goes to a depth of 6 m or more. The tropical rainforests of Myanmar and Assam (India) are considered to be the birthplace of mangoes (lat. Mangifera indica). In Europe, the plant is cultivated mainly in Spain - on the Canary Islands. The main producers (as of 2009) are:

India – 13557 thousand tons;
China – 4140 thousand tons;
Thailand – 2469 thousand tons;
Indonesia – 2150 thousand tons;
Pakistan – 1728 thousand tons;
Mexico – 1509 thousand tons;
Brazil – 1197 thousand tons;
Nigeria – 831 thousand tons;
Bangladesh - 828 thousand tons;
Philippines - 771 thousand tons.

Mango has a rich composition of useful substances, because it includes vitamins A, B, C, D, E, amino acids that are essential for the human body, carotenoids, and minerals (iron, phosphorus, calcium). In addition, the fruit contains a high content of glucose, sucrose, maltose and other types of sugar. The leaves and skin of the tree contain tannins. In some countries, mango is widely used as a laxative and diuretic, for better blood clotting, for acute dermatitis, etc.

How it grows

Mango is an evergreen tree that loves warmth, lots of light and high humidity. It grows in the tropics and can reach 40 m in height. During the flowering period, the tree is strewn with large pink panicles, which emit an excellent aroma. Growing a mango at home from a seed allows you to get a beautiful home flower with shiny leaves that will become a real decoration for your home. Mangifera indica is a strictly tropical plant and grows where the weather is humid, hot in summer and frost-free in winter.

The plant blooms at the age of approximately 6-10 years. In the climatic conditions of central Russia, flowering is possible indoors and in greenhouses. In the southern regions this process is more realistic. True, fruiting on a windowsill, even in southern latitudes, is very rare. This is due to the fact that a large number of flowers in a paniculate inflorescence are not pollinated even on plantations, so the probability of fruit appearance is minimal - on the windowsill it is generally close to zero.

Is it possible to grow mangoes from seeds?

Growing a mango from a seed at home is not difficult; the main step is choosing a ripe, pollinated fruit of a standard shape. For planting, it is optimal to use a low-growing variety of the plant, but it is not possible to calculate this from the fruit. Although you won't get a fruit-bearing tree, you can grow a beautiful tropical plant with leathery, lance-shaped leaves with slightly wavy edges. Young leaves will initially have a yellow-green or reddish tone, and then become dark green on top and slightly lighter on the underside.

How to plant mangoes at home

When planning to germinate a mango from a seed, keep in mind that it is better to do this in the summer - this way you will get a seed from a ripe fruit. The main ripening period for the fruit is July-August, but there are rare varieties that ripen in December. That is, you can try to plant a tropical plant even in winter. Planting a mango from a seed - basic steps for growing a tropical plant:

Preparing the bone. It is taken from a ripe soft fruit and must be carefully opened. You can plant a seed with a shell, but the likelihood that the plant will germinate will decrease significantly. The nucleolus must be white and smooth. Brown, gray and wrinkled seeds will not germinate. The resulting seed (one or more) should be disinfected in a pink solution of potassium permanganate so that the seed does not get sick.
Landing stage. A small container, for example a flower pot, is filled with soil, into which the seed is stuck - this is done with the root down. Leave 3-4 cm on the surface, then pour warm water and cover with something. You can cut a plastic bottle to create a mini greenhouse. Place the container with the seed in a warm and bright place. It is better not to open it until germination, but it is recommended to ventilate the improvised greenhouse and moisten the soil as necessary. Shoots should appear in about a couple of weeks: the sprout develops very slowly, and then the growth of the mango accelerates. Some leaves will be purple, others bright green. You shouldn't be afraid of this, because... This is just a feature of culture.
Transfer. After the first leaves appear on the plant and the mango gradually acclimatizes, the shelter can be removed. Then transplant the mango into a large container. Since this tropical plant is not small, it is advisable to replant it every year, using a larger pot. The soil must be fertile with the addition of marble chips. Caring for it is similar to caring for indoor flowers - only in winter you need to spray the leaves with water and water with warm water at least 2 times weekly. This is due to the fact that mangoes do not like dry air and if there is a lack of moisture, the leaves will begin to wither.
Crown formation. Mango responds excellently to pruning, quickly restoring its crown. The pruning procedure should be carried out when the indoor plant reaches 1.5 meters in height. Pruning is done every year 1-2 times to maintain a beautiful shape and regulate the size of the tree.

How to germinate

Before you plant a mango seed, you need to germinate it. To do this, you will need ripe fruit, a dull knife, a towel (paper), a plastic container with a lid and a plastic bag with a zipper. Step-by-step master class:

First, select a ripe fruit of the correct shape, which should not have damage or wormholes. After this, carefully cut off the pulp and scrape off any remaining residue from the shell flaps, then rinse the seed with clean water.
Next, place the seed in a place with plenty of sunlight, where it should dry for 1-2 days. Once one side is dry, be sure to flip it over to the other.
Then you need to extract the seed. To do this, open the seed from the round tip with a dull knife - this should be done carefully, otherwise you can damage the seed. Break the shell with your hands.
Remove the seed from the shell - it will look like a large bean or bean. There is no need to remove the skin from the seed.
Next, wrap the extracted seed in a piece of paper towel and lightly moisten it. Please note that the material should not be too wet (i.e. no need to soak), otherwise the mango seed will gradually rot.
The wrapped seed should be placed in a plastic bag with a zipper. Close it tightly, then put the bag in a plastic container intended for storing food. It will become a kind of mobile mini-greenhouse - the necessary greenhouse effect will be formed inside.
The plastic container with the seed will need to be placed in a dark place. After this, check the seed every day to ensure it remains moist but not wet.

Mango land

After learning how to plant mangoes, pay special attention to preparing the soil. The substrate should be light and mixed with pebbles or expanded clay. You can use a mixture for succulents (plants that have special tissues for storing water), which also needs to be supplemented with small stones. Another option is a universal primer, which will need to be mixed with sand in a 2:1 ratio. Make sure the planting pot has a drainage hole. In heavy soils characterized by stagnant water, the plant will quickly disappear.

Planting a germinated seed

Due to the fact that tropical plant seedlings are very vulnerable in the early stages, it is recommended to plant them immediately in a permanent place. To carry out this procedure, you will need a flower pot, a scoop, drainage, loose light soil and water. Rooting of the plant is possible at high air humidity. Planting technology:

Place a drainage layer (about 5 cm) of expanded clay and fine gravel on the bottom of the container. Provide drainage at the bottom of the pot, because mango does not tolerate stagnation of water.
Fill the container 2/3 with soil, moisten it, and then let the water drain.
Place the seed flat side down, then gently cover with soil. Press the soil lightly, but do not damage the sprouted seed.
The planting should be covered with a plastic cup and the pot should be placed in a sunny place.
From time to time, moisten the soil and ventilate a kind of greenhouse.
Shoots will begin to appear in 2-4 weeks: some will be purple, others bright green. You shouldn't be afraid of this, because... This is a feature of this culture.
After 2 months, it is necessary to begin to gradually acclimatize the seedling to the environment, sometimes opening the greenhouse slightly. 3 months after planting, remove the cup and move the plant to a place that is well lit by direct sunlight.

Watering and fertilizing

Germinating the seed of a tropical plant and getting a sprout to appear is only part of the story; you also need to properly care for it. In order for mangoes to grow and develop, create optimal conditions for the plant. Place the tree on a sunny windowsill, and in the summer take it out onto the balcony. Mangoes grown indoors love moisture. It needs regular watering, which should be done as soon as the top layer of soil in the container dries. At the same time, do not allow water to stagnate.

To prevent moisture from evaporating for a long time, the soil can be mulched with rotted sawdust or humus. Mangoes definitely need organic fertilizers. Apply humus twice a year. For this purpose, make a small groove along the edge of the container with the plant, pour humus into it and add regular soil on top. Thanks to this, the mango will be supplied with everything necessary for further growth and development.

If you have a seed left from a ripe fruit, then it is absolutely possible to germinate it

Mango is an amazing tropical plant, the fruits of which have a delicious taste, and in addition, are very rich in vitamins and nutrients. But is it possible to grow mangoes at home and what kind of care does it need?

The sprouts of this evergreen tree can be purchased at a special nursery and planted at home. This method is preferable, since the survival rate of the seedling is much higher, it is easier to care for and there is no chance of getting a wild plant. However, if you still have a seed from a ripe fruit, then it is absolutely possible to germinate it and save on the purchase by following some simple rules.

Only a fresh seed extracted from a ripe fruit is suitable for planting. Determining the degree of ripeness of a mango is very simple - if the core is easily separated from the pulp, then it is suitable for germination. Rinse it well, then use a sharp knife to carefully scrape off any remaining fruit.

if it gives in easily, then remove the outer dense layer, carefully remove the contents, which look like large beans, and treat it with a fungicide (a special product that fights fungi and harmful spores). If there are several embryos, choose the greenest and most even one, it is the one that has the best chance of germination.
if the shell is very hard, then it is better not to try to make a prick, so as not to injure the seed. In this case, place the seed for several weeks in a transparent container with water at room temperature and leave it on a well-lit windowsill. Don't forget to change the water every two days so that it doesn't stagnate and bloom.

After this, prepare the pot for planting. Since under natural conditions the mango tree grows from 10 to 45 m in height, it is better initially take a large pot for the plant in order to replant it as little as possible and injure the roots.

You need to lay drainage at the bottom of the pot: fine crushed stone or special granules - they will prevent water from stagnating and spoiling the root system. The soil is suitable for a universal type, the main thing is to maintain a neutral acidity level.

The most convenient way to check the acidity level is with a special device, which may be called a soil Ph meter or a PH meter. There are also disposable paper indicators that change color upon contact with acidic soil after some time (from 1 to 15 minutes depending on the manufacturer).

Pdraftcan be done in several ways:

sideways, if you are not exactly sure where the bottom is and where the top is;
horizontally, if a small sprout has already hatched.

In any case, you cannot completely cover it with soil; it is optimal to leave 1/4 of the seed above the surface and pour it generously with settled water at room temperature. If after watering the soil settles a lot, just add a small layer.

To create an ideal microclimate for germination for mangoes at home, after planting, the pot with the seed should be covered with a thin glass sheet, cellophane or a plastic bottle cut in half. Once every 2-3 days, slightly lift the edges of the shelter to ventilate and prevent the bone from rotting. It is best to place the pot on a south-facing window sill, where there is the most sunlight. In just two to three weeks, the first shoots will appear and you will be able to watch how the mango grows at home, then the cover from the pot can be removed.

If from the very beginning you took a small container for the mango, then you should wait a bit with further replanting. It is best to do this after the tree has grown a little and become stronger. It will be possible to finally transplant the mango tree into a permanent container no sooner than in a year. Try to avoid frequent transfers, after all, every manipulation of this kind is stress for the plant, to which it can react by shedding leaves or even dying.

Given the climate in which mangoes grow naturally, it will be necessary to recreate these conditions as much as possible at home. The tree does not tolerate dry soil and air, so do not forget to water it regularly and also maintain a sufficient level of humidity in the room (70-80%). In the same time Don’t get carried away with excessive spraying of leaves- they are very susceptible to fungi and mold, which can quickly develop and destroy the plant.

As a fertilizer for mangoes grown from seeds or seedlings at home, vermicompost, as well as nitrogen-containing mixtures used for growing persimmons or citrus fruits, are suitable. If you planted it in open ground, then 2 times a year do not forget to add organic substances (4-5 liters of water infused with manure or rotten leaves) into the tree trunk circle for feeding.

The plant urgently needs bright daylight, so the pot with it should be place on the brightest windowsill of the apartment, and in winter an additional light source would not hurt; you can use a fluorescent lamp.

Mango tolerates pruning well - you can shape its crown at your own discretion. If you plan to leave the tree in the room, then after it reaches a meter, begin to pinch out the top pairs of leaves along with the buds. The pruning areas must be treated with garden varnish.

Unfortunately, even if you follow all the instructions exactly, growing a mango from a seed at home will give you an ornamental tropical plant with graceful leaves that resembles a palm tree. Only grafted specimens can bloom and bear fruit. You can buy them in a botanical garden or nursery, or you can graft the plant using the budding method yourself, taking a bud from a fruiting plant.

To graft a mango tree grown from seed:

Take a sterile sharp knife, cut off the bud with a piece of bark and wood. On your tree near the ground, use a sterile instrument to make a small cut in the shape of the letter T, carefully bend the edges of the bark and plant the cut bud there. Wrap the grafting site with soft electrical tape and wait for it to grow.

Mangoes can bloom 2 years after grafting, and if this happens, then after 3 months (100 days) expect the first harvest of sweet, aromatic fruits. Grafted the tree needs regular fertilization (watering should only be done with nitrogen-containing fertilizers and mixtures), especially during the period of flowering and ripening of fruits. published